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Personalized Nutrition, Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 December 2026 | Viewed by 2382

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Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-761 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: metabolic syndrome; metabolomics; obesity; liver disease; lipoproteins; vitamins; antioxidants; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; fatty acids; nutrition; inflammation; metabolites of the gut microbiota
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In Special Issue, we would like to discuss the impact of nutrients, environmental factors, and obesity, which can lead to the development of civilization diseases such as metabolic syndrome and cardio–renal–metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a public health problem due to its close association with metabolic comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, liver disease, cardiovascular disease and renal dysfunction. Therefore, it is very important to prepare personalized nutrition in cases of metabolic syndrome, as there is evidence that indicates that excessive or inadequate nutrient intake induces a disturbance of metabolic homeostasis through excessive secretion of various compounds, leading to alterations in metabolic pathways and systemic metabolic dysfunction. Further, nutritional interventions have become effective strategies for treating obesity and related metabolic disorders. In this Special Issue, we would like to highlight new strategies and mechanisms, as well as nutritional approaches to combat obesity and related metabolic disorders, focusing on the following topcis:

  • The impact of personalized nutrition in shaping the gut microbiota and their metabolites;
  • The impact of dietary patterns and interventions (including interventions to increase physical activity as part of personalized medicine);
  • The assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with cardio–renal–metabolic syndrome;
  • The impact of physical activity on optimizing insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.

In this way, we hope to shed light on the pathogenesis of common metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic liver disease, and cardio–renal–metabolic syndrome.

This Special Issue of the journal Nutrients, entitled “Personalized Nutrition, Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome”, aims to solicit original research papers and review articles on the current state of research in the field, including both exploratory and preclinical studies.

Dr. Aldona Wierzbicka-Rucinska
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • personalized nutrition
  • quality of life (HRQoL)
  • physical activity
  • lipid profile
  • microbiota
  • metabolites of the gut microbiota
  • cardio–renal–metabolic syndrome

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1365 KB  
Article
Study Protocol and Baseline Cardiometabolic Characterization of the RIO-Study (Response to an Intervention with Omega-3): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial on Lipid and Inflammatory Profiles in Overweight and Obese Adults with Hypertriglyceridemia in Valdivia, Chile
by Josefina Enríquez, Consuelo Quezada, Jessica Molina, Matías Sáez, Iarela Mitre, Camila Moreira, Feren Sandoval, Rodrigo Maldonado, Montserrat Fitó, Sebastián Zagmutt, Catalina Ramírez-Contreras, Eneko Ganuza, Álvaro Hernáez, Sergio Martínez-Huenchullán and Viviana Sandoval
Nutrients 2025, 17(21), 3397; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17213397 - 29 Oct 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1546
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with metabolic syndrome and its risk factors contributing substantially to cases in Latin America. In southern Chile, obesity, dyslipidemia, and sedentary behavior are highly prevalent, yet comprehensive baseline data on [...] Read more.
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with metabolic syndrome and its risk factors contributing substantially to cases in Latin America. In southern Chile, obesity, dyslipidemia, and sedentary behavior are highly prevalent, yet comprehensive baseline data on these factors are scarce. Establishing regional cardiometabolic profiles is crucial to inform prevention strategies. Objective: To describe the RIO-Study protocol and characterize the baseline cardiometabolic profile of adults from Valdivia, southern Chile. Methods: The RIO-Study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial evaluating the effects of nutritional doses of seaweed-derived omega-3 fatty acids on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and molecular lipid regulators in adults with overweight/obesity. The protocol includes a standardized high-fat breakfast challenge and repeated postprandial blood sampling to assess dynamic lipid responses. Screening procedures comprised blood pressure measurement, fasting blood sampling, body composition by bioelectrical impedance, and health and lifestyle questionnaires. Results: Among screened participants, 91% presented overweight/obesity and 55% presented central adiposity, exceeding regional cardiometabolic risk thresholds (waist circumference ≥ 90 cm in men, ≥80 cm in women). Men exhibited higher waist circumference (100 ± 10.8 vs. 91.6 ± 11.9 cm), waist-to-hip ratio (0.99 ± 0.08 vs. 0.92 ± 0.07), systolic blood pressure (130 ± 12.0 vs. 122 ± 13.4 mmHg), triglycerides (168 ± 84.7 vs. 122 ± 64.9 mg/dL), VLDL-C (33.7 ± 17.2 vs. 24.4 ± 13.0 mg/dL), and sedentary time (8.1 ± 2.3 vs. 6.8 ± 2.3 h/day). Women had greater total body fat (39.7 ± 4.75% vs. 31.1 ± 5.30%), higher HDL-C (56.6 ± 13.3 vs. 46.9 ± 9.39 mg/dL), and more often had normal weight (13% vs. 0%). Conclusions: The RIO-Study provides novel insights into cardiometabolic risk and will elucidate the effects of nutritional omega-3 supplementation in a high-risk Chilean population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Nutrition, Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome)
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Review

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15 pages, 589 KB  
Review
Beyond BMI: Personalized Nutrition in Obesity, Normal-Weight Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and MASLD
by Aldona Wierzbicka-Rucińska
Nutrients 2026, 18(14), 2345; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18142345 - 17 Jul 2026
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Abstract
Background: Personalized nutrition, also referred to as precision nutrition, is an emerging approach that integrates genetic, metabolic, phenotypic, behavioral, and environmental characteristics to develop individualized dietary strategies. Obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represent interconnected disorders with substantial [...] Read more.
Background: Personalized nutrition, also referred to as precision nutrition, is an emerging approach that integrates genetic, metabolic, phenotypic, behavioral, and environmental characteristics to develop individualized dietary strategies. Obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represent interconnected disorders with substantial inter-individual variability in disease development, metabolic risk, and response to dietary interventions. Although body mass index (BMI) remains widely used for obesity classification, it does not adequately capture differences in body composition, fat distribution, or metabolic health. Consequently, individuals with normal-weight obesity (NWO), characterized by excessive body fat accumulation despite a normal BMI, may remain unidentified despite increased cardiometabolic risk.This narrative review critically evaluates the current evidence on the potential role of personalized nutrition in the prevention and management of obesity, MetS, MASLD, and related cardiometabolic abnormalities. Particular attention is given to five major domains: nutrigenetics, gut microbiota, metabolic phenotyping, body composition assessment, and digital health technologies, with emphasis on their current clinical applicability and limitations. Methods: A structured narrative review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify English-language studies (2003–2026) on personalized nutrition in obesity, normal-weight obesity, metabolic syndrome, and MASLD. Eligible studies were selected according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 31 publications were included in the qualitative synthesis. Results: Current evidence suggests that personalized nutrition strategies may contribute to improvements in body weight regulation, insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and liver-related outcomes; however, the magnitude and consistency of these effects remain variable. The integration of genetic, metabolic, microbiome, and phenotypic information may improve individual risk stratification and help identify high-risk groups, including individuals with NWO who may not be recognized through BMI-based assessment alone. Emerging approaches involving multi-omics technologies, microbiome profiling, wearable devices, continuous glucose monitoring, and artificial intelligence-based tools provide promising opportunities for individualized dietary interventions. Nevertheless, limitations related to methodological heterogeneity, insufficient standardization, limited external validation, and the scarcity of long-term pragmatic clinical trials currently restrict their routine implementation. Conclusions: Personalized nutrition represents a promising but still evolving approach for addressing obesity and its metabolic complications, including MetS and MASLD. While the integration of biological, phenotypic, and digital information may support more targeted dietary recommendations, current evidence does not yet fully establish the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these approaches in routine care. Future large-scale, longitudinal, and well-designed randomized controlled trials are required to determine which personalized nutrition strategies provide clinically meaningful benefits and for which patient populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personalized Nutrition, Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome)
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