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Nutritional Strategies for the Prevention and Treatment of Anemia in Neonates: Focusing on Iron Metabolism and Beyond

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 December 2025 | Viewed by 1411

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
Interests: neonatal anemia; iron metabolism; nutritional interventions; prematurity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Anemia in neonates is a multifactorial condition with significant short- and long-term health consequences. While iron deficiency remains a leading cause, other nutritional deficiencies and factors, including vitamin B12, folate, protein–energy malnutrition, and inflammatory conditions, also contribute to its development. This Special Issue aims to explore a broad range of nutritional interventions and underlying mechanisms related to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of anemia in neonates.

We invite the submission of original research articles, reviews, and clinical studies addressing topics such as the following:

  • Iron metabolism and supplementation strategies in neonates;
  • The role of other micronutrients (e.g., folate, B12, vitamin A, zinc, etc.) in neonatal anemia;
  • Dietary interventions and maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation;
  • Fortification, supplementation, and feeding practices in neonatal and preterm populations;
  • Innovative approaches and technologies for assessing and managing neonatal anemia;
  • Longitudinal impacts of early nutritional interventions on hematologic outcomes.

Contributions offering new insights that can inform clinical practice and public health strategies for the prevention and management of neonatal anemia are strongly encouraged.

Dr. Mehak Batra
Prof. Dr. George Moschonis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neonatal anemia
  • iron metabolism
  • prenatal iron supplementation
  • maternal iron status
  • biomarkers
  • placental transport
  • precision nutrition
  • long-term outcomes
  • nutritional interventions
  • prematurity
  • micronutrient deficiencies
  • folate and vitamin B12
  • breastfeeding and formula feeding
  • low birth weight
  • inflammation and anemia of prematurity

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 563 KB  
Article
Iron Deficiency Prevention, Screening, and Treatment: A Quality Improvement Initiative Introducing Reticulocyte Hemoglobin in a Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
by Narmin Javadova, Pamela J. Kling, Sally Norlin and Whitley N. Hulse
Nutrients 2025, 17(21), 3391; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17213391 - 29 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1138
Abstract
Objective: To implement a neonatal iron deficiency (ID) guideline as part of a neuroprotective strategy using reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RET-He) for neonates born <33 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) and small for gestational age (SGA) neonates ≥33 weeks PMA, to achieve ≥80% screening [...] Read more.
Objective: To implement a neonatal iron deficiency (ID) guideline as part of a neuroprotective strategy using reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RET-He) for neonates born <33 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) and small for gestational age (SGA) neonates ≥33 weeks PMA, to achieve ≥80% screening rate by June 2024. Methods: An interdisciplinary team conducted a quality improvement initiative in a level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from April 2022 to August 2024. RET-He is a validated, sensitive marker of early iron deficiency reflecting recent iron supply for erythropoiesis and providing a more reliable measure than ferritin. The primary outcome was RET-He screening at 30 ± 7 days for neonates <33 weeks PMA or pre-discharge for SGA neonates ≥33 weeks PMA. Exclusion criteria were death or transfer before eligibility. Process measures included ID screening failure rate (RET-He level < 29 pg). Results: Of 345 eligible neonates, P-chart analysis showed screening rates for premature neonates <33 weeks PMA declined during PDSA 1–2, before improving to 85.9% in PDSA 3. ID screening failure was 12.6% at one month, increasing to 32.1% at two months. For SGA neonates ≥33 weeks PMA, screening rates remained low, peaking at 36% in PDSA 3, with a 2.2% failure rate. Conclusions: Implementation of a RET-He based ID guideline improved screening rates for premature neonates but was less effective for SGA neonates. Despite improved guideline adherence, ID prevalence remained high at NICU discharge, indicating a further need to improve nutritional prevention and treatment strategies. Full article
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