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Nutrients
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Exercise and Nutrition: Implications for Weight Management and Cardiometabolic Prevention
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Exercise and Nutrition: Implications for Weight Management and Cardiometabolic Prevention

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 April 2025) | Viewed by 3179

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Daniela Lucini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20135 Milan, Italy
Interests: lifestyle; physical exercise; healthy nutrition; stress management; autonomic nervous system; heart rate variability; sustainability; cardiometabolic risk; prevention; wellbeing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Luca Giovanelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20135 Milan, Italy
Interests: lifestyle; physical exercise; endocrine control; bone health; healthy nutrition; sustainability; hypogonadism; osteoporosis; wellbeing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The management of cardiometabolic risk currently represents a pivotal strategy to prevent and treat non-communicable chronic diseases. Notably, ad hoc interventions—focusing on a healthy lifestyle—are required to manage weight and reduce cardiometabolic risk. Strategies promoting physical exercise and healthy nutrition—mutually intercorrelated—also contribute to fostering well-being with immediate benefits. In this context, psychological approaches may be helpful not only to manage stress but also to enhance adherence to healthy lifestyle programs. Intriguingly, the possibility of studying the mechanisms underlying diseases potentially modified by lifestyle changes (such as autonomic nervous system, inflammation, or endocrine control) offers promising scenarios in a clinical setting.

Moreover, it is paramount to underline the role of campaigns promoting exercise and healthy nutrition as tools to prevent cardiometabolic disease and foster well-being for groups such as students and employees. 
The goal of this Special Issue is to collect papers exploring the relationship between exercise and nutrition as well as the role of lifestyle change in managing weight and cardiometabolic risk both in individuals and groups, to help the scientific community to better define lifestyle programs aimed to prevent cardiovascular events and foster well-being in patients and healthy people.

Prof. Dr. Daniela Lucini
Dr. Luca Giovanelli
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lifestyle
  • physical exercise
  • healthy nutrition
  • stress management
  • sustainability
  • cardiometabolic prevention
  • well-being
  • weight management
  • non-communicable chronic diseases
  • autonomic nervous system

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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34 pages, 2930 KiB  
Article
What People Want: Exercise and Personalized Intervention as Preferred Strategies to Improve Well-Being and Prevent Chronic Diseases
by Nadia Solaro, Eleonora Pagani, Gianluigi Oggionni, Luca Giovanelli, Francesco Capria, Michele Galiano, Marcello Marchese, Stefano Cribellati and Daniela Lucini
Nutrients 2025, 17(11), 1819; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17111819 - 27 May 2025
Viewed by 298
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The workplace represents an ideal context for applying policies to foster a healthy lifestyle, guaranteeing advantages both to the individual and the company. Nevertheless, motivation to change one’s lifestyle remains an issue. This study aimed to determine subjects’ most valued intentions [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The workplace represents an ideal context for applying policies to foster a healthy lifestyle, guaranteeing advantages both to the individual and the company. Nevertheless, motivation to change one’s lifestyle remains an issue. This study aimed to determine subjects’ most valued intentions toward lifestyle changes and the target actions to improve lifestyles that they would be willing to invest in economically, information which might help design effective intervention programs. Methods: Classification trees were applied to 2762 employees/ex-employees (55.09 ± 13.80 years; 1107 females and 1655 males) of several Italian companies who voluntarily filled out an anonymous questionnaire on lifestyles (inquiring about, e.g., exercise, nutrition, smoking, and stress) to unveil specific subject typologies that are more likely associated with, e.g., manifesting a specific intention toward lifestyle changes and choosing the two most popular target actions resulting from the survey. Results: The main lifestyle aspect that respondents desired to improve was to become more physically active, and the most preferred tools chosen to improve their lifestyle were the possibility of having a medical specialist consultant to prescribe a tailored lifestyle program and buying a gym/swimming pool membership. Conclusions: This observational study might help tailor worksite health promotion and insurance services offered to employees, initiatives that may play an important role in fostering health/well-being and preventing chronic diseases in the more general population, especially in healthy or young subjects who are more prone to change their behavior if immediate benefits are seen instead of only advantages in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise and Nutrition: Implications for Weight Management and Cardiometabolic Prevention)
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Review

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26 pages, 722 KiB  
Review
Lifestyle Interventions to Tackle Cardiovascular Risk in Thyroid Hormone Signaling Disorders
by Simone Rodolfi, Giuditta Rurale, Federica Marelli, Luca Persani and Irene Campi
Nutrients 2025, 17(13), 2053; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17132053 - 20 Jun 2025
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play a central role in cardiovascular and metabolic regulation, influencing lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity and resting energy expenditure. Inherited disorders of impaired sensitivity to THs—including resistance to thyroid hormone alpha (RTHα) and beta (RTHβ), monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) deficiency and [...] Read more.
Thyroid hormones (THs) play a central role in cardiovascular and metabolic regulation, influencing lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity and resting energy expenditure. Inherited disorders of impaired sensitivity to THs—including resistance to thyroid hormone alpha (RTHα) and beta (RTHβ), monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) deficiency and selenoprotein deficiency—lead to complex, multisystemic clinical features. Although these conditions are rare, with RTHβ being the most common and affecting about 1 in 20,000 newborns, they share clinical features with more prevalent thyroid disorders, such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, as well as neurological manifestations including muscle wasting and spasticity. These conditions present abnormal patterns of thyroid function and are associated with tissue-specific comorbidities such as arrhythmias, heart failure, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. To date, no targeted or controlled studies have evaluated the impact of lifestyle modifications in these patient populations. Therefore, this narrative review proposes plausible management strategies based on pathophysiological insights into the effects of thyroid hormones on target organs, combined with clinical reasoning and evidence extrapolated from related disorders. Physical exercise and diet may complement pharmacological treatments (e.g., levothyroxine or TRIAC) to improve cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes. In RTHβ, aerobic exercise enhances cardiovascular health, while a Mediterranean diet supports lipid control and glycemic parameters. In RTHα, physical exercise may aid neuromotor development, and a fluid-rich, fiber-moderated diet can alleviate constipation. In MCT8 deficiency, physiotherapy may improve mobility and relieve contractures, while nutritional support (e.g., feeding tube, gastrostomy) can be necessary to tackle feeding difficulties and reduce pulmonary complications. In selenoprotein deficiency, low-to-moderate physical exercise and an antioxidant-rich diet may protect against oxidative stress at several tissue levels. Although quantitative evidence is limited, this narrative review synthesizes current insights, providing a meaningful basis for future validation and research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise and Nutrition: Implications for Weight Management and Cardiometabolic Prevention)
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33 pages, 1793 KiB  
Review
From Pregnancy to Breastfeeding: The Role of Maternal Exercise in Preventing Childhood Obesity
by Valeria Calcaterra, Hellas Cena, Agnese Pirazzi, Francesca Sottotetti, Erika Cordaro, Caterina Cavallo, Chiara Milanta, Dana El Masri, Maria Vittoria Conti, Matteo Vandoni and Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
Nutrients 2025, 17(4), 660; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17040660 - 12 Feb 2025
Viewed by 2574
Abstract
Low adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors during pregnancy and lactation is strongly associated with a higher risk of childhood obesity. This narrative review aims to elucidate and summarize the pivotal role played by physical activity (PA) during pregnancy and breastfeeding, highlighting the potential [...] Read more.
Low adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors during pregnancy and lactation is strongly associated with a higher risk of childhood obesity. This narrative review aims to elucidate and summarize the pivotal role played by physical activity (PA) during pregnancy and breastfeeding, highlighting the potential mechanisms linking PA in these periods to the prevention of childhood obesity. Maternal exercise during pregnancy and breastfeeding significantly reduces the risk of childhood obesity by enhancing fetal metabolism, supporting healthy maternal weight management, and promoting improved breastfeeding practices. Pregnancy and the postpartum period represent critical windows for implementing preventive strategies that benefit both the mother and child. Encouraging an active lifestyle during pregnancy and breastfeeding is a vital public health strategy with extensive benefits. Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in creating supportive environments and providing tailored guidance to empower mothers to engage in regular PA. This approach not only enhances individual health outcomes but also contributes to the broader goal of fostering healthier communities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise and Nutrition: Implications for Weight Management and Cardiometabolic Prevention)
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