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New Insights into the Effects of Exercise, Nutrition, and Supplementation...
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New Insights into the Effects of Exercise, Nutrition, and Supplementation on Aging and Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Geriatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 February 2025) | Viewed by 4732

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Rodolfo de Paula Vieira

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement and Rehabilitation and in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Evangelical University of Goiás (Unievangélica), Avenida Universitária Km 3,5, Anápolis 75083-515, GO, Brazil
Interests: dietary supplementation and pathophysiology of pulmonary diseases; exercise and cytokine responses; exercise in health and disease; nutritional immunology; exercise immunology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. André L.L. Bachi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
Interests: immunology; neoplastic progression and growth; immunology and exercise; exercise in health and disease; physical exercise and immune cells responses; airway diseases in athletes; immunosenescence in the elderly

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There is a growing body of scientific evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of non-pharmacologic interventions, such as physical activity, nutrition, and dietary supplements, in preventing and helping in the treatment of diseases, as well as promoting healthy aging. Beyond that, adequate nutritional support, including dietary supplements, is proven to be beneficial for recreative and professional athletes, leading to better performance, preventing injury, and improving recovery. In this context, several pre-clinical studies (in vitro, ex vivo, and in animal models) have been performed, aiming, for the most part, to demonstrate the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. In addition, many studies have demonstrated not only the clinical outcomes obtained in different populations resulting from physical activity and nutrition interventions but also the immunological mechanisms involved in such effects. On the other hand, excessive physical activity, dietary supplements, or the wrong dietary strategy may result in injuries, favor the establishment of diseases, or even cause exacerbations of diseases. So, in this wonderful, great, and complex world of exercise, nutrition, and immunology, we invite our colleagues to submit their mini-review, review, systematic review, and original (pre-clinical and clinical studies) to our Special Issue in the journal Nutrients, which has been entitled “New Insights into the Immunomodulatory Effects of Exercise, Nutrition, and Supplementation on Aging, Health, Disease, and Performance – What Have We Learned from Pre-clinical and Clinical Studies?”. 

Prof. Dr. Rodolfo de Paula Vieira
Dr. André L.L. Bachi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • immunonutrition
  • exercise immunology
  • immuno aging
  • immunosuppression
  • nutrition
  • dietary supplements
  • sports performance

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 245 KiB  
Article
Association Between Body Iron Status and Biological Aging
by Ann Von Holle, Sahana Ramamurthy, Mary V. Díaz Santana, Jacob K. Kresovich, Jack A. Taylor, Zongli Xu, Katie M. O’Brien, Dale P. Sandler and Clarice R. Weinberg
Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1409; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091409 - 23 Apr 2025
Viewed by 218
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Iron is necessary for bodily function, but abnormal levels can increase the risk of chronic diseases. Studies of leukocyte telomere length suggest blood iron levels are positively associated with cellular senescence and accelerated aging. However, associations between blood iron and more robust [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Iron is necessary for bodily function, but abnormal levels can increase the risk of chronic diseases. Studies of leukocyte telomere length suggest blood iron levels are positively associated with cellular senescence and accelerated aging. However, associations between blood iron and more robust metrics of biological aging, specifically those based on DNA methylation, have not been examined. Methods: In a random sample of women from the Sister Study (n = 1260) with measured serum iron (ferritin, iron, transferrin saturation), we used linear regression models to assess cross-sectional associations between standardized serum iron and three methylation-based biological aging metrics (GrimAgeAccel, PhenoAgeAccel, and DunedinPACE), with and without adjustment for smoking, alcohol, menopause status, education, time since menopause, exercise, and diet. Results: In adjusted models, a one standard deviation increase in serum ferritin was positively associated with higher standardized levels of DunedinPACE, GrimAgeAccel, and PhenoAgeAccel (DunedinPACE: 0.05, (0.00, 0.10); PhenoAgeAccel: 0.06 (0.00, 0.11); GrimAgeAccel: 0.06 (0.01, 0.11)). In contrast, higher serum iron and transferrin saturation were inversely associated with the biological aging metrics (serum iron, DunedinPACE: −0.02, (−0.07, 0.03); PhenoAgeAccel: −0.04 (−0.10, 0.01); GrimAgeAccel: −0.05 (−0.10, −0.01); transferrin saturation (DunedinPACE: −0.01, (−0.06, 0.05); PhenoAgeAccel: −0.01 (−0.06, 0.05); GrimAgeAccel: −0.05 (−0.10, −0.01))). Conclusions: The positive association with ferritin is consistent with the proposed role of oxidative stress in accelerated aging associated with high iron exposure. However, the observed inverse associations with serum iron and transferrin saturation are not consistent with this common explanation, and future studies are needed to examine potential explanations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Effects of Exercise, Nutrition, and Supplementation on Aging and Health)
12 pages, 267 KiB  
Article
Personalized Diet With or Without Physical Exercise Improves Nutritional Status, Muscle Strength, Physical Performance, and Quality of Life in Malnourished Older Adults: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
by Huzeyfe Arıcı, Yavuz Burak Tor, Mustafa Altınkaynak, Nilgün Erten, Bulent Saka, Osman F. Bayramlar, Zeynep Nur Karakuş and Timur Selçuk Akpınar
Nutrients 2025, 17(4), 675; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17040675 - 13 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1456
Abstract
Objectives: Malnutrition (MN) is prevalent in older adults and closely related to sarcopenia, frailty, morbidity, mortality, and decreased quality of life. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of a personalized diet combined with planned physical exercise on nutritional status, physical [...] Read more.
Objectives: Malnutrition (MN) is prevalent in older adults and closely related to sarcopenia, frailty, morbidity, mortality, and decreased quality of life. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of a personalized diet combined with planned physical exercise on nutritional status, physical performance, and quality of life (QoL) in malnourished older adult patients. Methods: In this prospective study, 20 older adults with MN risk according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment—Short Form (MNA-SF) were randomized into (i) personalized diet (PD) and (ii) personalized diet with physical exercise (PDE) groups, and followed up with for 12 weeks. The physical exercise included warm-up, strengthening, balance, and cooldown phases, with a frequency of 3–4 days per week. Anthropometric measurements, physical performance, and quality of life were assessed using standardized tools at baseline and at the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. QoL was measured using the EQ–5D index and EQ–5D visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Results: A total of 20 patients (55% male) participated in the study. During the study, BMIs, MNA-SF scores, and hand grip strength were increased, and the patients’ average duration on the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test decreased significantly in both groups. The EQ–5D index score of the PD group and the EQ–5D VAS scores of both groups were increased. Conclusions: A personalized diet with or without physical exercise therapy was associated with improved nutritional status, physical performance, and QoL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Effects of Exercise, Nutrition, and Supplementation on Aging and Health)
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13 pages, 1139 KiB  
Article
Low Caloric Intake Confers Cardiovascular Protection and Improves Functional Capacity Without Affecting Immunological Response in Sedentary Older Adults
by Meiry de Souza Moura-Maia, Boris Brill, Rosa Helena Ramos Paula-Vieira, Nycole Vieira Ramos-Gomes, Dobroslav Melamed, Anamei Silva-Reis, Eduarda Teodora Rachid Wolpp, Naiara Nadia Moreira-Silva, Yanesko Fernandes Bella and Rodolfo P. Vieira
Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3677; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213677 - 29 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1065
Abstract
Background: Aging is characterized by a decline in the cardiovascular hemodynamic response, which may be aggravated by undernutrition. However, no study has evaluated whether low caloric intake may affect cardiovascular hemodynamics and its possible relation with functional capacity and immune response in older [...] Read more.
Background: Aging is characterized by a decline in the cardiovascular hemodynamic response, which may be aggravated by undernutrition. However, no study has evaluated whether low caloric intake may affect cardiovascular hemodynamics and its possible relation with functional capacity and immune response in older adults. Methods: Sixty-one older adults of both genders were enrolled in this study and were classified as normocaloric (n = 18) and hypocaloric (n = 43). All volunteers were evaluated for cardiovascular hemodynamics using impedance cardiography (PhysioFlow®); functional capacity by the 1′ sit-to-stand test with SpO2 monitoring; whole-blood analysis using an automated hematocytometer (Sysmex®); and levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-10, and Klotho by ELISA. Results: The hypocaloric group presented impaired functional capacity, measured by a reduced number of sit-to-stand repetitions (p < 0.0251) and impaired delta of SpO2 (p < 0.0307). In contrast, the hypocaloric group presented an improved stroke volume (p < 0.0352), systemic vascular resistance (p < 0.0075), and systemic vascular resistance index (p < 0.0184). In addition, no changes were observed in the whole-blood analysis (p > 0.05) or for IL-6 (p > 0.05), TNF-alpha (p < 0.05), IL-10 (p < 0.05), and Klotho (p > 0.05). Conclusions: A long-term hypocaloric diet in eutrophic older adults’ resulted in an enhanced cardiovascular hemodynamic response but was associated with reduced functional capacity without changes in the immune response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Effects of Exercise, Nutrition, and Supplementation on Aging and Health)
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17 pages, 1784 KiB  
Article
Unraveling the Interaction between Inflammation and the Cardiometabolic Index in Older Men: A Pilot Study
by Rafael L. Carvalho, Tábatta R. P. Brito, Jônatas B. Amaral, Fernanda R. Monteiro, Daniela B. Lima, Thalles A. M. Pereira, Beatriz F. da Costa, Guilherme E. Furtado, Pamella M. M. Rodrigues, Carlos A. F. dos Santos, André L. L. Bachi and Adriana de Oliveira Sarmento
Nutrients 2024, 16(15), 2529; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16152529 - 2 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1697
Abstract
Both cardiometabolic and chronic inflammatory diseases pose a significant challenge to global public health, particularly among older adults. Here, we investigated the interplay between systemic inflammatory status and the cardiometabolic index (CMI) in older men with adequate weight or obesity. In this observational [...] Read more.
Both cardiometabolic and chronic inflammatory diseases pose a significant challenge to global public health, particularly among older adults. Here, we investigated the interplay between systemic inflammatory status and the cardiometabolic index (CMI) in older men with adequate weight or obesity. In this observational cross-sectional study, older men (71.79 ± 7.35 years) were separated into groups with normal weight (NW, n = 34) and obesity (O, n = 32) to assess circulating levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and CMI. Overall, the O group showed not only a higher inflammatory status but also increased CMI (p < 0.0001) compared with the NW group. Interestingly, only positive correlations were found between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in both groups. Through multivariate regression analysis, IL-6 (β = −0.2276, p = 0.0003) and IL-10 (β = 0.2023, p = 0.0030) significantly influenced CMI in the NW group. No significant results were found in the O group. Our findings reinforce the effects of obesity in inflammaging, as well as suggesting that the influence of cytokines in CMI occurs in older men with normal weight, since the elevated pro-inflammatory profile observed in older men with obesity can interfere in this effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Effects of Exercise, Nutrition, and Supplementation on Aging and Health)
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