Submit to Special Issue Submit Abstract to Special Issue Review for Nursing Reports Propose a Special Issue

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser

Health Questionnaires in Nursing

Print Special Issue Flyer
Editors
Special Issue Information
Keywords
Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue
Published Papers

A Special Issue of Nursing Reports (ISSN 2039-4403).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 September 2026 | Viewed by 16590

Share This Special Issue

Editors

Prof. Dr. Raúl Juárez Vela

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Group of Research in Care (GRUPAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
Interests: cardiovascular risk factors; atherosclerosis; nutrition; obesity; nursing interventions; suicidal behaviours
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Daniel Íncera Fernández

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Interests: nursing

Prof. Dr. Mercedes Sánchez-Barba

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Biostatistics Department, University of Salamanca, 37001 Salamanca, Spain
Interests: statistics; operations research
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Antonio Martinez-Sabater

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

1. Nursing Care and Education Research Group (GRIECE), GIUV2019-456, Nursing Department, Universitat de Valencia, 46010 València, Spain
2. Nursing Department, Facultat d’Infermeria i Podologia, Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain
3. Grupo Investigación en Cuidados (INCLIVA), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 València, Spain
Interests: addictions; primary health care; intensive care; digital divide; simulation; nursing education; health literacy; patients’ education
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

My name is Prof. Dr. Raúl Juárez, head of the research group in nursing care and health at the University of La Rioja. In this Special Issue, I am collaborating with my colleagues Prof. Dr. Mercedes Sánchez Barba from the Statistical Department of the University of Salamanca, Prof. Dr. Daniel Íncera Fernández from UNIE University of Madrid, and Prof. Dr. Antonio Martinez Sabater, Dean of the Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry at the University of Valencia. Together, we form a multidisciplinary team that approaches this Special Issue for nursing scientists interested in providing psychometric insights into health questionnaires.

Health questionnaires are tools that evaluate the extent to which certain functions are being met, and they are key instruments in the research process within nursing. These surveys reflect health outcomes and enable research on general aspects of health, well-being, quality of life, therapeutic adherence, and many other factors. It is important that when using a health survey or questionnaire, content validity, construct validity, reliability, and psychometric properties are taken into account. To date, many questionnaires lack even basic psychometric properties to reflect the quality of the measurement.

Our aim is to highlight investigations into nursing questionnaires and surveys that include an initial approximation of psychometric properties, factorial analysis, exploratory analysis, etc., particularly in relation to nursing science.

We propose an open space where researchers on health questionnaires and health surveys can explain the objectives of the questionnaires, cultural adaptation, validity, etc. The objectives pursued, the hypotheses proposed, and, above all, the nursing usefulness of these questionnaires should be explicitly reasoned.

We invite you to publish your research on questionnaires with a psychometric or statistical approach.

Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following: nursing, psychometrics, sociology, medicine, and psychology.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Raúl Juárez Vela
Prof. Dr. Daniel Íncera Fernández
Prof. Dr. Mercedes Sánchez-Barba
Dr. Antonio Martinez-Sabater
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nursing Reports is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

nursing
health outcomes
questionnaires
nursing

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (10 papers)

Download All Papers

Order results

Result details

Show export options Show export options

Select all

Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

13 pages, 249 KB

Open AccessArticle

Translation and Validation of the Spanish Version of the Competency Inventory of Nursing Students

by Ana Pérez-Perdomo, Sara Pedregosa-Fauste, Carlos Martínez-Gaitero and Adelaida Zabalegui

Nurs. Rep. 2026, 16(8), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep16080257 - 24 Jul 2026

Viewed by 250

Abstract

Background: Competencies, such as knowledge, critical thinking, and clinical reasoning skills, are the essential individual characteristics required for effectively carrying out nursing duties. The acquisition and assessment of these competencies among nursing students are crucial for their future practice. This study aims to validate the Competency Inventory of Nursing Students in Spanish. Methods: Validation and back-translation into Spanish of the Nursing Competency Inventory of Nursing Students. Results: The sample was collected from the University of Barcelona, Lleida, and Tecnocampus. Most participants (85.3%) were females between 20 and 29, and 45.3% were in their third year. The general answer mean was 6.34 points. Dimension 4 (Clinical biomedical science) obtained the lowest score and dimension 1 (Ethics and accountability) the highest. The content validity index for the entire scale was 0.93. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure was 0.926. The Spanish version of the scale demonstrated a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.95. Conclusions: The Spanish CINS version is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to evaluate nursing students’ competencies in the Spanish context. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Questionnaires in Nursing)

12 pages, 261 KB

Open AccessArticle

Adaptation and Validation of the Parental Stressor Scale: NICU for Spanish Populations

by Regina Matey Sánchez, Mónica Riaza Gómez and Miguel A. Reina

Nurs. Rep. 2026, 16(7), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep16070216 - 26 Jun 2026

Viewed by 461

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Parental stress during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission affects parental well-being, bonding, and neonatal outcomes. Reliable assessment requires instruments adapted to the linguistic and cultural context of each population. This study aimed to adapt the Parental Stressor Scale: NICU (PSS:NICU) for use in Spain and evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: The adaptation comprised forward translation, back-translation, expert review, pilot testing with cognitive debriefing (n = 15), and psychometric evaluation. The adapted scale was administered to 160 parents (80 mothers, 80 fathers) of NICU-admitted neonates; 159 cases were retained for analysis. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA; maximum likelihood, Promax rotation) with parallel analysis examined the factor structure. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested the original four-factor model, and a second-order model with five first-order factors was subsequently evaluated. Results: Internal consistency was excellent (total α = 0.968; subscales α = 0.866–0.961). Parallel analysis supported a five-factor EFA solution over a four-factor solution. CFA of the original four-factor model yielded poor fit (CFI = 0.755, TLI = 0.737, RMSEA = 0.125). A second-order model with five first-order factors and one general stress factor improved fit (CFI = 0.819, RMSEA = 0.107), though indices remained below conventional thresholds. Standardised factor loadings were moderate to high (0.57–0.96). Conclusions: The Spanish PSS:NICU demonstrates excellent reliability and provides preliminary evidence supporting its use for research and clinical assessment. The original four-factor structure was not replicated; the data suggest a five-factor organisation with evidence of a higher-order stress construct. Structural validity requires confirmation in larger, independent samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Questionnaires in Nursing)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

11 pages, 831 KB

Open AccessArticle

Measurement Equivalence of Diabetes Self-Management, Distress, and Quality-of-Life Measures in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Vietnam

by Thu-Thuy Thi Nguyen, Huu Thuan Vo, Thi Tuong Vi Nguyen, Pham Minh Son, Vu Thi Xim, Thi My Nhung Pham, Mieu An Phan and Thi Anh Nguyen

Nurs. Rep. 2026, 16(6), 205; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep16060205 - 18 Jun 2026

Viewed by 494

Abstract

Background: Patient-reported outcome comparisons require measurement equivalence, which is seldom tested in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) diabetes research. We examined equivalence of the Diabetes Self-Management Instrument-35 (DSMI-35), Diabetes Distress Scale-17 (DDS-17), and Asian Diabetes Quality of Life (AsianDQOL) scale across sex, fasting-glucose stratum, and educational attainment in Vietnamese adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of 374 adults (female 152, male 222; lower-FBG < 154 mg/dL, n = 212; higher-FBG n = 162; secondary-or-lower n = 202; tertiary-or-higher n = 172). Multi-group CFA (lavaan) tested configural, metric, and scalar equivalence of a parcel-level three-factor model (parcel-level equivalence does not imply item-level equivalence). Path equality was evaluated with scaled Satorra–Bentler likelihood-ratio tests; indirect effects were bootstrapped (n = 5000). Results: Scalar-equivalence change-index criteria (ΔCFI ≤ 0.010; ΔRMSEA ≤ 0.015) were met for all groupings; however, for fasting glucose the configural baseline fit was weak (RMSEA 0.117–0.119), so fasting-glucose equivalence is reported only as provisional and is not interpreted at the level of the sex and education findings. McDonald’s ω was ≥ 0.959 in every subgroup. Structural paths did not differ by sex (Δχ²(3) = 1.18, p = 0.758; not powered for equivalence) but differed by education (Δχ²(3) = 71.16, p < 0.001), with the cross-sectional association structure differing by education (distress-channelled in tertiary-or-higher and partly direct in secondary-or-lower participants); because the data are cross-sectional, these are differences in association structure, not established mediation. The fasting-glucose structural comparison was not interpretable because the lower-FBG subgroup (FBG < 154 mg/dL, n = 212) had a non-positive-definite latent covariance matrix. Conclusions: Scalar equivalence criteria were met for sex and education and only preliminarily supported for fasting-glucose stratum, where elevated configural RMSEA (0.119) cautions against firm interpretation. The self-management → distress → quality-of-life pathway showed no detected sex difference but differed by educational attainment. Measurement equivalence testing, including configural-fit assessment, should be routine in LMIC patient-reported outcome validation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Questionnaires in Nursing)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 402 KB

Open AccessArticle

Psychometric Evaluation of the Brazilian Version of the Diabetic Foot Self-Care Questionnaire of the University of Malaga-Spain (DFSQ-UMA-Br)

by Amelina de Brito Belchior, Victória Maria Silva Leitão, Thiago Martins de Sousa, Lourival Veras de Oliveira, Pablo Casimiro Belchior Rodrigues, Florencia Gamileira Nascimento and Sherida Karanini Paz de Oliveira

Nurs. Rep. 2026, 16(5), 160; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep16050160 - 9 May 2026

Viewed by 853

Abstract

Objective: To test the factorial structure and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Diabetic Foot Self-Care Questionnaire of the University of Malaga-Spain (DFSQ-UMA-Br). Method: Cross-sectional study for psychometric evaluation of the DFSQ-UMA-Br conducted with 269 people with diabetes who responded to the items of the collection instrument composed of sociodemographic and clinical data and the tested instrument, from February 2024 to February 2025. The internal structure was evaluated using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega. Results: The factor analysis for the DFSQ-UMA-Br data matrix was adequate (KMO = 0.79 [95% CI] = 0.71–0.82]); Bartlett’s sphericity test = p < 0.001; degree of freedom of 66), indicating that the variables are correlated. Psychometric sensitivity with adequate values of asymmetry (sk = 0.199–3.655) and kurtosis (ku = −0.226–+3.764) proving the normal distribution of data. Conclusions: The DFSQ-UMA-Br is a valid and reliable instrument capable of assessing foot self-care in people with diabetes in the Brazilian population and can be used by nurses and other professionals to promote health in the context of clinical care and research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Questionnaires in Nursing)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 677 KB

Open AccessArticle

Cultural Adaptation, Translation and Psychometric Validation of a Technology and eHealth Literacy Questionnaire Among Albanian Undergraduate Nursing Students

by Chrysi A. Fragkioudaki, Enkeleint A. Mechili, Petros Galanis, Evridiki Patelarou, Konstantinos Giakoumidakis and Athina E. Patelarou

Nurs. Rep. 2026, 16(4), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep16040139 - 15 Apr 2026

Viewed by 1068

Abstract

Background: Rapid technological progress has transformed healthcare systems through integrating electronic health (eHealth) into clinical practice. Consequently, nursing students, upcoming healthcare professionals, face new challenges arising from this digital transition. Adequate technological skills and eHealth literacy are essential to meet the requirements of contemporary healthcare environments. The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and validate a questionnaire measuring technophilia, Internet use, eHealth literacy, and nursing students’ attitudes toward technology and eHealth. Methods: A cross-sectional validation study was conducted using a convenience sample of Albanian undergraduate nursing students. After forward and backward translation, the instrument’s construct validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Cronbach’s alpha assessed internal consistency, and the relationships among the four constructs were explored using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: A total of 357 undergraduate nursing students participated in the survey. EFA identified a clear four-factor structure corresponding to Technophilia, Internet Use, eHealth Literacy, and Technology and Electronic Health in Nursing Education, with all items demonstrating satisfactory factor loadings. Internal consistency of the four scales ranged from 0.692 to 0.852, indicating generally satisfactory reliability. Although the SEM model fit was below the recommended thresholds, the results provide some evidence for relationships among the constructs. Conclusions: The findings provide preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the adapted instrument and set a baseline for assessing Albanian nursing students’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes regarding technology and eHealth literacy. Several strategies can be developed based on this evidence to prepare nursing students for technologically advanced healthcare systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Questionnaires in Nursing)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 278 KB

Open AccessArticle

Do Nurses Thrive in Their Organization? Validation of the Short Form of Nurses’ Organizational Health Questionnaire

by Alessandro Sili, Maddalena De Maria, Valerio Della Bella, Jacopo Fiorini and Claudio Barbaranelli

Nurs. Rep. 2025, 15(12), 432; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15120432 - 5 Dec 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1172

Abstract

Background/Aim: The quality of care provided to patients was closely related to the nursing staff’s well-being and their experience within the organization. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the short form of the Nurses’ Organizational Health Questionnaire (QISO-SF), with a focus on its relevance for assessing nurses’ organizational well-being in healthcare environments. The study examined the instrument’s structural validity and internal consistency. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted using data from three cross-sectional studies, including 1279 nurses providing direct patient care across various Italian healthcare settings. Dimensionality of the QISO-SF was tested via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability was assessed using ordinal omega coefficients (ω). Results: The QISO-SF comprises 48 items across 11 dimensions, grouped into 5 scales: Comfort, Organizational Context and Relational Processes, Workload, Positive and Negative Indicators, and Psychophysical Distress. The instrument demonstrated good structural validity (RMSEA = 0.048–0.094; CFI = 0.967–0.994) and satisfactory reliability (ω = 0.644–0.857). By maintaining the theoretical framework of the original questionnaire while reducing completion time, the short form is suitable for evaluating nurses’ work-related quality of life and organizational well-being. Conclusions: The QISO-SF is a concise, reliable, and valid tool to assess work-related quality of life and Organizational health in nursing professionals. Its use can support interventions aimed at promoting well-being in healthcare settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Questionnaires in Nursing)

15 pages, 872 KB

Open AccessArticle

Nurses’ Work Methods Assessment Scale: Turkish Validity and Reliability Study

by Dilek Uysal, Nilüfer Demirsoy, Aysun Türe, Müzelfe Bıyık, Letícia de Lima Trindade, Olga Maria Pimenta Lopes Ribeiro and João Miguel Almeida Ventura-Silva

Nurs. Rep. 2025, 15(6), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15060220 - 17 Jun 2025

Viewed by 3113

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Organizing nurses’ work is crucial for ensuring patient care quality and efficiency. Nurses’ work methods directly influence patient safety and healthcare outcomes, making them vital for effective health services. Assessing these methods helps identify effective practices, enhance work organization, and improve both professional satisfaction and patient safety. This study aims to translate, adapt, and validate the Nurse Work Method Assessment Scale (NWMAS) for Turkish. Methods: Methodological study with a non-probabilistic sample of 209 hospital nurses, conducted between June and July 2024. The linguistic adaptation involved translation and back-translation with the participation of bilingual experts. Statistical analyses included exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, item-total correlation tests, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency assessment using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: One item was removed due to cultural incompatibility, resulting in a 24-item Turkish version of the NWMAS. During the adaptation process, expert evaluations led to the removal of one item from the original scale, as it referenced nursing practices that are either not widely implemented or considered culturally incompatible with the structure of the Turkish healthcare system. Content Validity Index values ranged from 0.85 to 0.95. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed a five-factor structure explaining 55.65% of total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis supported this structure with acceptable fit indices (χ²/df = 1.89; RMSEA = 0.06; GFI = 0.86). Cronbach’s alpha for the overall scale was 0.87, with subscale alphas ranging from 0.52 to 0.82. Test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from 0.95 to 0.98, indicating high stability over time. Conclusions: The Turkish version of the NWMAS demonstrated adequate validity and reliability and can be used to evaluate nurses’ work methods in Turkish hospital settings. The study highlights the importance of cultural adaptation in scale development to ensure conceptual relevance in local healthcare systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Questionnaires in Nursing)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 1324 KB

Open AccessArticle

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory (CC-SCODI)

by Jesús Martínez-Tofé, Iván Santolalla-Arnedo, Vicente Gea-Caballero, Angela Durante, Antonio Martínez-Sabater, Mercedes Sánchez-Barba, Marco Di Nitto, Pilar Sanchez-Conde, Silvia Gónzalez-Fernández, Regina Ruíz de Viñaspre-Hernández, Raúl Juárez-Vela and Nelia Soto-Ruiz

Nurs. Rep. 2025, 15(4), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15040129 - 12 Apr 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2528

Abstract

Background: The Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory (CC-SCODI) is an instrument grounded in the middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness. It is designed to measure how caregivers support individuals with diabetes mellitus in carrying out self-care activities. Effective tools are essential for clinicians and researchers to evaluate factors influencing self-care, including caregivers’ contributions. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Spanish translation of the CC-SCODI. Methods: A total of 201 caregivers of individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) were recruited for participation in this cross-sectional study. Participants were selected through convenience sampling at a university hospital. Before administration, the survey questions were translated and culturally adapted to ensure appropriateness for both patients and caregivers. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on each of the CC-SCODI subscales using models fitted to the relevant indices. Results: The initial construction of the four-dimensional tool was verified. The internal consistency of the four subscales was assessed using Cronbach’s α to measure the caregiver contribution to patients’ self-care maintenance (α = 0.725), self-care monitoring (α = 0.728), self-care management (α = 0.729), and caregiver self-efficacy in contributing to patient self-care (α = 0.921). Model fit indices demonstrated a chi-square value of 1.028 with 773 degrees of freedom. CFA indicated an excellent model fit, confirming the reliability and validity of the proposed structure. Conclusions: The internal consistency and reliability of the Spanish version of the CC-SCODI were deemed adequate. Due to its strong psychometric properties, this instrument is considered appropriate for evaluating the contribution of caregivers to the self-care behaviors of Spanish-speaking individuals with diabetes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Questionnaires in Nursing)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1104 KB

Open AccessArticle

Croatian Translation and Initial Psychometric Validation of the Negative Behaviors in Health Care Questionnaire

by Vesna Bušac, Nikolina Kanceljak, Ana Žepina Puzić and Ivona Ljevak

Nurs. Rep. 2025, 15(2), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15020069 - 14 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2563

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to produce an adapted Croatian version of the Negative Behaviors in Health Care Questionnaire and to validate it. Methods: The process comprised the translation, cultural adaptation, and psychometric evaluation of the questionnaire. Clinical specialists and qualified bilingual speakers participated in both forward and backward translation. Face validity was tested. The survey’s original developer approved the final version. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using the test–retest method and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and assessments of divergent and convergent validity were conducted. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and R, program version 3.5.2., for Windows. Results: A five-factor structure was obtained and confirmed via CFA, although not all fit coefficients were satisfactory. The internal consistency reliability was 0.86 for the contributing factors and the seriousness of aggression, 0.79 for the use of aggression, 0.95 for the fear of retaliation, and 0.83 for the frequency of aggression; in total, α = 0.88. Test–retest reliability was moderate. All correlations were statistically significant, and the correlation was the highest for seriousness (0.754) and frequency of aggression (0.725) and the lowest for contributing factors (0.528). Test–retest reliability was satisfactory. Statistically significant differences were found when comparing respondents by gender, age, work experience, education, and hierarchical position. Conclusions: The adapted, translated, and validated survey provides a valuable tool for assessing lateral and vertical aggression between and towards nurses in terms of contributing factors, frequency, severity, uses of aggression, and fear of retaliation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Questionnaires in Nursing)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 1294 KB

Open AccessArticle

Transcultural Adaptation of Environmental Health Questionnaire with Attitude, Knowledge, and Skills Scales for Portuguese Nursing Students

by Cristina Álvarez-García, Beatriz Edra, Goreti Marques, Catarina Simões and Mª Dolores López-Franco

Nurs. Rep. 2025, 15(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15010013 - 8 Jan 2025

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2215

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Climate change adversely affects some of the fundamental determinants of health, and children are the population group most vulnerable to exposure to environmental risk factors. The main objective of this study was to validate in the Portuguese context three scales to assess attitudes, knowledge, and skills on children’s environmental health. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was developed to translate, adapt, and validate the questionnaire consisting of the following three scales: Attitude Scale (SANS_2), knowledge scale (ChEHK-Q), and skills scale (ChEHS-Q). This was carried out in two phases: the translation and adaptation process and the validation process using classical measure theory and item response theory with undergraduate nursing students. Results: We obtained a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure children’s environmental health competence consisting of an attitude scale (α = 0.84), a knowledge scale (Infit = 0.98, Outfit = 0.97, item reliability = 0.98, and people reliability = 0.75), and a skills scale (Infit = 1.00, Outfit = 0.99, item reliability = 0.82, and people reliability = 0.88). The mean score on the attitude scale was 28.15 (5–35) ± 4.61; 14.92 (0–26) ± 4.51 on the knowledge scale; and 42.51 (24–60) ± 6.41 on the skills scale. Conclusions: We found that most Portuguese undergraduate nursing students have very good pro-environmental attitudes and good knowledge and skills in dealing with children’s environmental health. The questionnaire obtained in this study will be useful for comparative studies with other countries and for evaluating the effectiveness of educational interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Questionnaires in Nursing)

► Show Figures

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Health Questionnaires in Nursing

Share This Special Issue

Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Published Papers (10 papers)

Research

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI