Toxicity of Nanoparticles in the Lung: Environmental and Medical Aspects

Dear Colleagues,

With the broad use of nanoparticles in many products, accumulation in the environment and increased exposure of humans may occur. Adverse effects of non-intentionally inhaled nanoparticles in humans may be caused by environmental exposure, at the workplace, and by exposure to medical products. The biocompatibility of nanoparticles has been intensely studied in vitro and in vivo over the last decade, and the role of the respiratory system as the most permeable and vulnerable portal of entry was confirmed. Nevertheless, action on the immune system, effects on repeated exposure, organ-specificity, etc., are not well known. Translation of experimental data to estimation of human risk is complicated by a lack of representative models and exposure conditions, inter-individual differences in exposure levels and in predisposing biological factors.

In addition to unintended toxicity, nanoparticles can be used to increase the efficacy of cytostatic drugs, mainly for the treatment of lung cancer. Better encapsulation of poorly-soluble drugs, delivery of small molecules, and enhanced permeability and retention effect increase anticancer action.

Similar nanoparticle properties, such as cellular accumulation, decreased clearance, and modulation of immune effects, are linked to undesired effects in the lung; however, the same effects that cause the undesired effects of environmental nanoparticles in the lung are exploited to increase efficacy of nanoparticles in medical treatments.

This Topical Collection will be dedicated to reactions of nanoparticles in the respiratory system. Toxic reactions to air-borne particles and medical particles as well as differences in reactions of the respiratory system compared to other organs are of interest. We welcome the submission of comprehensive/mini reviews, original research articles, and communications.

Prof. Dr. Eleonore Fröhlich
Guest Editor

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