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Nanomaterials
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Genotoxicity of Nanomaterials
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Genotoxicity of Nanomaterials

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Biology and Medicines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 9219

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Anna Maria Giuseppina Poma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
Interests: environmental mutagenesis; nanotoxicology; DNA damage and repair; applied genetics to nanomedicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last ten years, we have participated in a nanotechnology revolution, characterized by an enormous increase in the production, development, and commercialization of different types of nanomaterials for applications in engineering, chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, and numerous fields of industrial production. This remarkable spread of nanomaterials is accompanied by an enormous risk of human exposure and their release into the environment. The genotoxic effect of nanomaterials can be caused by direct interaction with DNA molecules and chromatin, as well as by an indirect mechanism. In this case, the "main actors" are the oxidative stress or inflammation processes and related molecules involved. Nanomaterials can affect not only our genome but also our epigenome. To date, some nanomaterials seem to induce an altered expression of genes involved in DNA methylation mechanisms, leading to global DNA methylation changes in cells in vitro and in vivo.

We are interested in original research as well as review articles that explore all aspects of the genotoxic and epigenetic effects of various nanomaterials used in biology and nanomedicine and dispersed in the environment. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Cellular and molecular mechanisms of genotoxic and epigenetic responses to nanomaterials (in vitro and in vivo systems);
  • Genotoxic and/or epigenetic responses of humans, animals, and plants to nanoparticles and nanomaterials from the environment (indoor and outdoor);
  • Genotoxic and/or epigenetic responses to nanoparticles and nanomaterials from applications in nanomedicine;
  • Genotoxic and/or epigenetic responses of cells and organisms to plastic nanoparticles from the environment (air, water, and soil) and plastic nanoparticles/nanomaterials from industrial productions.

Dr. Anna Maria Giuseppina Poma
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • genotoxicity
  • nanomaterials
  • cellular and molecular stress biomarkers
  • nanotoxicogenomics
  • nanoplastics

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1138 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Genotoxicity Evaluation of an Antiseptic Formulation Containing Kaolin and Silver Nanoparticles
by Adriana Rodriguez-Garraus, Amaya Azqueta, Francisco Laborda, Ana C. Gimenez-Ingalaturre, Alba Ezquerra, Luis Lostao and Adela Lopez de Cerain
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(6), 914; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12060914 - 10 Mar 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2206
Abstract
Worldwide antimicrobial resistance is partly caused by the overuse of antibiotics as growth promoters. Based on the known bactericidal effect of silver, a new material containing silver in a clay base was developed to be used as feed additive. An in vitro genotoxicity [...] Read more.
Worldwide antimicrobial resistance is partly caused by the overuse of antibiotics as growth promoters. Based on the known bactericidal effect of silver, a new material containing silver in a clay base was developed to be used as feed additive. An in vitro genotoxicity evaluation of this silver-kaolin clay formulation was conducted, which included the mouse lymphoma assay in L5178Y TK+/− cells and the micronucleus test in TK6 cells, following the principles of the OECD guidelines 490 and 487, respectively. As a complement, the standard and Fpg-modified comet assays for the evaluation of strand breaks, alkali labile sites and oxidative DNA damage were also performed in TK6 cells. The formulation was tested without metabolic activation after an exposure of 3 h and 24 h; its corresponding release in medium, after the continuous agitation of the silver-kaolin for 24 h was also evaluated. Under the conditions tested, the test compound did not produce gene mutations, chromosomal aberrations or DNA damage (i.e., strand breaks, alkali labile sites or oxidized bases). Considering the results obtained in the present study, the formulation seems to be a promising material to be used as antimicrobial in animal feed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genotoxicity of Nanomaterials)
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20 pages, 27954 KiB  
Article
Testing Strategies of the In Vitro Micronucleus Assay for the Genotoxicity Assessment of Nanomaterials in BEAS-2B Cells
by Tereza Cervena, Andrea Rossnerova, Tana Zavodna, Jitka Sikorova, Kristyna Vrbova, Alena Milcova, Jan Topinka and Pavel Rossner, Jr.
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(8), 1929; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11081929 - 27 Jul 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2340
Abstract
The evaluation of the frequency of micronuclei (MN) is a broadly utilised approach in in vitro toxicity testing. Nevertheless, the specific properties of nanomaterials (NMs) give rise to concerns regarding the optimal methodological variants of the MN assay. In bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), [...] Read more.
The evaluation of the frequency of micronuclei (MN) is a broadly utilised approach in in vitro toxicity testing. Nevertheless, the specific properties of nanomaterials (NMs) give rise to concerns regarding the optimal methodological variants of the MN assay. In bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), we tested the genotoxicity of five types of NMs (TiO2: NM101, NM103; SiO2: NM200; Ag: NM300K, NM302) using four variants of MN protocols, differing in the time of exposure and the application of cytochalasin-B combined with the simultaneous and delayed co-treatment with NMs. Using transmission electron microscopy, we evaluated the impact of cytochalasin-B on the transport of NMs into the cells. To assess the behaviour of NMs in a culture media for individual testing conditions, we used dynamic light scattering measurement. The presence of NMs in the cells, their intracellular aggregation and dispersion properties were comparable when tests with or without cytochalasin-B were performed. The genotoxic potential of various TiO2 and Ag particles differed (NM101 < NM103 and NM302 < NM300K, respectively). The application of cytochalasin-B tended to increase the percentage of aberrant cells. In conclusion, the comparison of the testing strategies revealed that the level of DNA damage induced by NMs is affected by the selected methodological approach. This fact should be considered in the interpretation of the results of genotoxicity tests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genotoxicity of Nanomaterials)
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21 pages, 8464 KiB  
Article
Genotoxicity and Immunotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide-Embedded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (TiO2@MSN) in Primary Peripheral Human Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC)
by Luca Di Giampaolo, Gloria Zaccariello, Alvise Benedetti, Giulia Vecchiotti, Francesca Caposano, Enrico Sabbioni, Flavia Groppi, Simone Manenti, Qiao Niu, Anna Maria Giuseppina Poma, Mario Di Gioacchino and Claudia Petrarca
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(2), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020270 - 21 Jan 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3971
Abstract
Background: TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are the nanomaterial most produced as an ultraviolet (UV) filter. However, TiO2 is a semiconductor and, in nanoparticle size, is a strong photocatalyst, raising concerns about photomutagenesis. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) were synthetized incorporating TiO [...] Read more.
Background: TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are the nanomaterial most produced as an ultraviolet (UV) filter. However, TiO2 is a semiconductor and, in nanoparticle size, is a strong photocatalyst, raising concerns about photomutagenesis. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) were synthetized incorporating TiO2 NPs (TiO2@MSN) to develop a cosmetic UV filter. The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of TiO2@MSN, compared with bare MSN and commercial TiO2 NPs, based on several biomarkers. Materials and Methods: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were exposed to TiO2@MSN, bare MSN (network) or commercial TiO2 NPs for comparison. Exposed PBMC were characterized for cell viability/apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nuclear morphology, and cytokines secretion. Results: All the nanoparticles induced apoptosis, but only TiO2 NPs (alone or assembled into MSN) led to ROS and micronuclei. However, TiO2@MSN showed lower ROS and cytotoxicity with respect to the P25. Exposure to TiO2@MSN induced Th2-skewed and pro-fibrotic responses. Conclusions: Geno-cytotoxicity data indicate that TiO2@MSN are safer than P25 and MSN. Cytokine responses induced by TiO2@MSN are imputable to both the TiO2 NPs and MSN, and, therefore, considered of low immunotoxicological relevance. This analytical assessment might provide hints for NPs modification and deep purification to reduce the risk of health effects in the settings of their large-scale manufacturing and everyday usage by consumers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genotoxicity of Nanomaterials)
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