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Synthesis, Characterization and Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials

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A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Biology and Medicines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 21653

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Paulo Cesar De Morais

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Guest Editor

Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília DF 70790-160, Brazil; Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Física, Brasília DF 70910-900, Brazil
Interests: magnetic nanoparticles; carbon-based nanoparticles; polymeric nanoparticles; nanobiotechnology; nanotoxicity; mathematical modeling of bioassays

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the early 1990s, the ever-growing area of nanomaterials requires a continuous and comprehensive update in the issues of synthesis, characterization, and new directions of applications, such as in the biomedical, environmental, and industrial fields. This Special Issue of Nanomaterials aims to collect-cutting edge contributions on successful preparation processes of new and/or improved nanostructures, advances in characterization data analyses, and/or new experimental techniques and breakthroughs and/or promising directions in biomedical, environmental, and industrial applications. It is expected that this Special Issue will collect an important palette of novelty to keep the scientific community inspired and updated about the most recent advances in nanomaterials.

The proposed Special Issue focuses mainly on, but is not limited to, the following topics related to nanomaterials: chemical synthetic routes; physical processes of fabrication; improvement of analyses of experimental recorded data; emerging or improvement of nanomaterials’ characterization approaches; breakthroughs in biomedical, environmental, and industrial applications; and new applications in the biomedical, environmental, and industrial fields.

Prof. Dr. Paulo Cesar De Morais
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

nanomaterials
chemical synthesis
physical preparation
characterization techniques
experimental data analyses
biomedical applications
environmental applications
industrial applications

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2476 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Engineering Gold Shelled Nanomagnets for Pre-Setting the Operating Temperature for Magnetic Hyperthermia

by Elis Regina Lima Siqueira, Willie Oliveira Pinheiro, Victor Raul Romero Aquino, Breno Cunha Pinto Coelho, Andris Figueiroa Bakuzis, Ricardo Bentes Azevedo, Marcelo Henrique Sousa and Paulo Cesar Morais

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(16), 2760; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12162760 - 12 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1411

Abstract

This study investigated the fabrication of spherical gold shelled maghemite nanoparticles for use in magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) assays. A maghemite core (14 ± 3 nm) was used to fabricate two samples with different gold thicknesses, which presented gold (g)/maghemite (m) content ratios of 0.0376 and 0.0752. The samples were tested in MHT assays (temperature versus time) with varying frequencies (100–650 kHz) and field amplitudes (9–25 mT). The asymptotic temperatures (

T_{\infty}

) of the aqueous suspensions (40 mg Fe/mL) were found to be in the range of 59–77 °C (naked maghemite), 44–58 °C (

g / m = 0.0376

) and 33–51 °C (

g / m = 0.0752

). The MHT data revealed that

T_{\infty}

could be successful controlled using the gold thickness and cover the range for cell apoptosis, thereby providing a new strategy for the safe use of MHT in practice. The highest SAR (specific absorption rate) value was achieved (75 kW/kg) using the thinner gold shell layer (334 kHz, 17 mT) and was roughly twenty times bigger than the best SAR value that has been reported for similar structures. Moreover, the time that was required to achieve

T_{\infty}

could be modeled by changing the thermal conductivity of the shell layer and/or the shape/size of the structure. The MHT assays were pioneeringly modeled using a derived equation that was analytically identical to the Box–Lucas method (which was reported as phenomenological). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Characterization and Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials)

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12 pages, 3513 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Single Nano-Sized Metal–Organic Framework for Bio-Nanoarchitectonics with In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging and Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy

by Yong-Mei Wang, Ying Xu, Xinxin Zhang, Yifan Cui, Qingquan Liang, Cunshun Liu, Xinan Wang, Shuqi Wu and Rusen Yang

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(2), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12020287 - 17 Jan 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2370

Abstract

Theranostics is an emerging technique for cancer treatments due to its safety and high efficiency. However, the stability, efficiency, and convenience of preparation are the main challenges for developing theranostics. Here we describe a one-pot process for biocompatible metal–organic framework (MOF)-based theranostics. The ligand H₂L designed for the MOF enables both red fluorescence emission and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The frame and regular channel structure of H₂L-MOF empower the theranostics with good drug delivery performance, and the uniform and nano-sized particles facilitate the in vivo imaging/therapy applications. In vivo fluorescence imaging and in vitro chemo-photodynamic therapy were achieved with the MOF without any further modification. Our results reveal an effective strategy to achieve multifunctional theranostics by the synergistic action of the organic ligand, metal node, and channel structure of MOF nanoparticles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Characterization and Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials)

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Graphical abstract

16 pages, 7523 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Lipid-Coated Nanoconstruct Composed of Gold Nanoparticles Noncovalently Coated with Small Interfering RNA: Preparation, Purification and Characterization

by Anna V. Epanchintseva, Julia E. Poletaeva, Ilya S. Dovydenko, Boris P. Chelobanov, Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi, Elena I. Ryabchikova and Inna A. Pyshnaya

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(11), 2775; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112775 - 20 Oct 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1770

Abstract

There is an urgent need to develop systems for nucleic acid delivery, especially for the creation of effective therapeutics against various diseases. We have previously shown the feasibility of efficient delivery of small interfering RNA by means of gold nanoparticle-based multilayer nanoconstructs (MLNCs) for suppressing reporter protein synthesis. The present work is aimed at improving the quality of preparations of desired MLNCs, and for this purpose, optimal conditions for their multistep fabrication were found. All steps of this process and MLNC purification were verified using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Factors influencing the efficiency of nanocomposite assembly, colloidal stability, and purification quality were identified. These data made it possible to optimize the fabrication of target MLNCs bearing small interfering RNA and to substantially improve end product quality via an increase in its homogeneity and a decrease in the amount of incomplete nanoconstructs. We believe that the proposed approaches and methods will be useful for researchers working with lipid nanoconstructs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Characterization and Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials)

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11 pages, 12378 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Hydroxyapatite Particles from Simulated Body Fluids with Different pH and Their Effects on Mesenchymal Stem Cells

by Hiroki Miyajima, Hiroki Touji and Kazutoshi Iijima

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(10), 2517; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11102517 - 27 Sep 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2250

Abstract

Bone-like hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been prepared by biomimetic synthesis using simulated body fluid (SBF), mimicking inorganic ion concentrations in human plasma, or 1.5SBF that has 1.5-times higher ion concentrations than SBF. In this study, the controllable preparations of HAp particles from 1.5SBF with different pH values were examined. The particles obtained as precipitates from 1.5SBF showed different morphologies and crystallinities depending on the pH of 1.5SBF. Micro-sized particles at pH 7.4 of 1.5SBF had a higher Ca/P ratio and crystallinity as compared with nano-sized particles at pH 8.0 and pH 8.4 of 1.5SBF. However, a mixture of micro-sized and nano-sized particles was obtained from pH 7.7 of 1.5SBF. When Ca²⁺ concentrations in 1.5SBF during mineralization were monitored, the concentration at pH 7.4 drastically decreased from 12 to 24 h. At higher pH, such as 8.0 and 8.4, the Ca²⁺ concentrations decreased during pH adjustment and slightly decreased even after 48 h. In this investigation at pH 7.7, the Ca²⁺ concentrations were higher than pH 8.0 and 8.4.Additionally, cytotoxicity of the obtained precipitates to mesenchymal stem cells was lower than that of synthetic HAp. Controllable preparation HAp particles from SBF has potential applications in the construction of building components of cell scaffolds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Characterization and Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials)

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Review

Jump to: Research

40 pages, 1633 KiB

Open AccessReview

Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Activities, Applications, Cytotoxicity and Safety Issues: An Updated Review

by Deepak Bamal, Anoop Singh, Gaurav Chaudhary, Monu Kumar, Manjeet Singh, Neelam Rani, Poonam Mundlia and Anita R. Sehrawat

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(8), 2086; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11082086 - 17 Aug 2021

Cited by 72 | Viewed by 7156

Abstract

Rapid advances in nanotechnology have led to its emergence as a tool for the development of green synthesized noble metal nanoparticles, especially silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), for applications in diverse fields such as human health, the environment and industry. The importance of AgNPs is because of their unique physicochemical and antimicrobial properties, with a myriad of activities that are applicable in various fields, including the pharmaceutical industry. Countries with high biodiversity require the collection and transformation of information about biological assets into processes, associations, methods and tools that must be combined with the sustainable utilization of biological diversity. Therefore, this review paper discusses the applicable studies of the biosynthesis of AgNPs and their antimicrobial activities towards microorganisms in different areas viz. medicine and agriculture. The confirmed antiviral properties of AgNPs promote their applicability for SARS-CoV-2 treatment, based on assimilating the virus’ activities with those of similar viruses via in vivo studies. In this review, an insight into the cytotoxicity and safety issues of AgNPs, along with their future prospects, is also provided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Characterization and Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials)

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28 pages, 1679 KiB

Open AccessReview

Nanomaterials Synthesis through Microfluidic Methods: An Updated Overview

by Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu, Cristina Chircov, Alexandra Cătălina Bîrcă and Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(4), 864; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11040864 - 28 Mar 2021

Cited by 73 | Viewed by 5515

Abstract

Microfluidic devices emerged due to an interdisciplinary “collision” between chemistry, physics, biology, fluid dynamics, microelectronics, and material science. Such devices can act as reaction vessels for many chemical and biological processes, reducing the occupied space, equipment costs, and reaction times while enhancing the quality of the synthesized products. Due to this series of advantages compared to classical synthesis methods, microfluidic technology managed to gather considerable scientific interest towards nanomaterials production. Thus, a new era of possibilities regarding the design and development of numerous applications within the pharmaceutical and medical fields has emerged. In this context, the present review provides a thorough comparison between conventional methods and microfluidic approaches for nanomaterials synthesis, presenting the most recent research advancements within the field. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Characterization and Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials)

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