Nanomaterials in Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Biology and Medicines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 838

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Interests: nanomaterials; metamaterials; nanotheranostics; nanodosimetry; ultrafast optics; X-ray photodynamic therapy; diffuse optical tomography; ovarian, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) – the use of light to excite photoactive molecules (photosensitizers: PSs) whose subsequent relaxation and energy transfer result in the production of highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species – has proven a potent and minimally invasive means of treating a variety of cancers that include pancreatic, esophageal, respiratory tract, and non-melanoma skin cancer. Broader oncologic application of PDT, however, has been limited by the technique’s restricted treatment depth, significant PS hydrophobicity and side effects, absence/inefficiency of tumor targeting, and non-therapeutic activation by ambient light sources (natural and man-made) prior to PS clearance. Recent efforts have sought to mitigate, circumvent, or preclude these limitations via nanoplatform delivery of PSs, exploiting the nanoplatform’s environmental shielding of its therapeutic moieties to minimize systemic/collateral toxicity and the nanoplatform’s expansive, readily functionalized surface to enable targeting ligand conjugation, immune surveillance escape, and PS controlled release/activation. This Special Issue of Nanomaterials presents the current state-of-the-art nanoplatform-based PDT materials and methods in both clinical and preclinical settings. Potential areas of interest for this Special Issue include (but are not limited to):

  • Novel Materials and Syntheses (e.g., metal-organic frameworks, organic/inorganic hybrids, self-assembling platforms, smart materials, bio-metamaterials);
  • Novel Cancer-Targeting Moieties and Strategies (e.g., tumor microenvironment targeting, evasion of immune surveillance, immune system activation, and synergism);
  • Novel Therapeutic Release/Activation Mechanisms (smart/autonomous, internal excitation, external control/activation via x-ray/two-photon/ultrasonic/electromagnetic field);
  • Enhancements in Nanoplatform Biodistribution, Bioelimination, and Biocompatibility
  • Enhancements in Physiological Barrier Penetration (e.g., Blood–Brain Barrier, Mucosal Barrier, Tumor Stroma, Intratumoral Pressure Gradient);
  • Advances in Combinational Therapy (e.g., co-delivery of PDT with chemotherapeutics or immunotherapeutics) and Image Guidance (e.g., real-time monitoring of nanoplatform accumulation within tumors during treatment).

Dr. Jeffrey S. Souris
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • photodynamic therapy
  • nanoplatform
  • cancer therapy
  • photosensitizer
  • reactive oxygen species
  • hypoxia
  • hybrid nanoparticle

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 6266 KB  
Article
Upconverting Nanoparticles Functionalized with Protein–Gold Nanoclusters and Chlorin e6 for Near-Infrared-Activated Photodynamic Therapy
by Vilius Poderys, Greta Butkiene, Dziugas Jurgutis, Aleja Marija Daugelaite, Egle Ezerskyte, Vaidas Klimkevicius and Vitalijus Karabanovas
Nanomaterials 2026, 16(7), 417; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16070417 - 30 Mar 2026
Viewed by 568
Abstract
Current efforts to improve photodynamic therapy focus on nanomaterials that integrate deep tissue imaging with efficient reactive oxygen species generation. Gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) are promising alternatives to conventional photosensitizers due to their effective ROS production and enhanced biocompatibility when stabilized by a [...] Read more.
Current efforts to improve photodynamic therapy focus on nanomaterials that integrate deep tissue imaging with efficient reactive oxygen species generation. Gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) are promising alternatives to conventional photosensitizers due to their effective ROS production and enhanced biocompatibility when stabilized by a protein corona. However, both photosensitizers and Au NCs are typically activated by ultraviolet or visible light, which cannot penetrate deeper into tissues and is limited to superficial applications. Here, we report a near-infrared (NIR)-activated photodynamic nanoplatform based on core–shell upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs; NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+@NaGdF4:Yb3+,Nd3+), functionalized with a protein corona containing bovine serum albumin-stabilized Au NCs (BSA–Au NCs) and photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6). Spectroscopic data confirmed the formation of the UCNP-BSA–Au-Ce6 nanoplatform and demonstrated 32% energy transfer efficiency from UCNPs to Ce6, resulting in efficient reactive oxygen species generation under 808 nm irradiation. Cellular experiments confirmed the effective internalization and optimal biocompatibility of the nanoplatform in human breast cancer and healthy cells. Upon irradiation at 808 nm, the nanoplatform significantly reduced the viability of MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. These findings indicate that the UCNP-BSA–Au-Ce6 nanoplatform couples NIR activation with enhanced singlet oxygen production, providing a multifunctional platform for deep tissue imaging and NIR-activated photodynamic therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials in Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy)
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