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Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Peptides in Anti-Cancer Treatments

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Medicinal Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 672

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: peptides; anticancer peptide; peptide biomarkers; target theraphy; antigen delivery; cancer vaccine; antimicrobial peptides; cell penetrating peptides
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB) “Carlo Pedone”, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: peptides; liposomes; delivery systems; targeting peptides; radiolabeled peptides; aggregating peptides; peptide gels; peptide nanogels
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells, which undergo unlimited division and spread to diverse body sites through metastasis. The main challenge in cancer treatment is to target cancerous cells while preserving healthy tissues.

Despite progress in drug discovery, most treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone treatments, have remained largely unchanged in recent years. Additionally, drug resistance often arises due to issues like abnormalities in drug transporters, detoxifying enzymes, or defects in DNA repair and cell death pathways. In the search for new cancer drugs, the development of small molecules has been a key focus. However, unforeseen off-target effects of these molecules have highlighted the need for alternative therapeutic strategies. A new class of anti-cancer agents based on peptides offers several advantages in terms of effectiveness and safety. These small molecules, modeled after natural proteins, are cost-effective to produce and can be easily modified. Peptides are useful in both cancer diagnostics and treatment, providing tumor-specific targeting, a reduced risk of resistance, and lower toxicity compared to traditional therapies.

This Special Issue aims to present a collection of research papers, reviews, and communications focused on the discovery and development of anti-cancer drugs based on peptides, along with potential therapeutic targets for various cancer types.

Dr. Anna Lucia Tornesello
Prof. Dr. Giancarlo Morelli
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • anticancer peptides
  • antimicrobial peptides
  • cell-penetrating peptides
  • therapeutic peptides
  • cancer vaccine
  • theranostics
  • peptidomimetics
  • anticancer drugs
  • metal–peptide drugs

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 5545 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Antitumor and Antiproliferative Potential of Synthetic Peptides Derived from IsCT1, Associated with Cisplatin, in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity
by Laertty Garcia de Sousa Cabral, Cyntia Silva de Oliveira, Vani Xavier Oliveira, Jr., Ellen Paim de Abreu Paulo, Jean-Luc Poyet and Durvanei Augusto Maria
Molecules 2025, 30(12), 2594; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30122594 - 15 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), particularly in the oral cavity, is among the most prevalent and lethal forms of cancer globally. Current therapeutic strategies, predominantly involving cisplatin, face challenges like chemoresistance and toxicity to normal cells, justifying the exploration of new [...] Read more.
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), particularly in the oral cavity, is among the most prevalent and lethal forms of cancer globally. Current therapeutic strategies, predominantly involving cisplatin, face challenges like chemoresistance and toxicity to normal cells, justifying the exploration of new approaches. This study evaluates the antitumor, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory potential of a synthetic peptide derived from IsCT1 (Isalo scorpion cytotoxic peptide), named AC-AFPK-IsCT1, in combination with cisplatin in oral squamous cell carcinoma cellular models. Tumor and normal cells were treated with varying concentrations of cisplatin and peptide, and the cytotoxicity was measured through an MTT assay, while apoptosis and cell cycle alterations were assessed via flow cytometry. Interestingly, the combination of AC-AFPK-IsCT1 with cisplatin exhibited higher specificity for tumor cells, significantly reducing IC50 values compared to cisplatin used as a single agent. Moreover, the combination treatment induced pronounced S-phase cell cycle arrest and enhanced apoptotic activity, evidenced by the upregulation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and p53, while maintaining low toxicity in normal fibroblast cells. The peptide also modulated the mitochondrial membrane potential, further contributing to the activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathways. The data suggest that AC-AFPK-IsCT1 potentiates the antitumor effects of cisplatin by engaging both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways while preserving normal cell viability. These findings underscore the potential of combining cisplatin with AC-AFPK-IsCT1 as a promising therapeutic strategy for improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in SCC, reducing systemic toxicity, and overcoming chemoresistance. Full article
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