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Molecules
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Isolation, Synthesis and Biological Activity of Polysaccharides
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Isolation, Synthesis and Biological Activity of Polysaccharides

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioorganic Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 8388

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Peng Lei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
Interests: polysaccharide; fermentation; food chemistry; cell biology, structure, and characterization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sha Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
Interests: food biotechnology; fermentation and characterization of microbial polysaccharides; structural characterization and bioactivity of polysaccharides

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Polysaccharides, natural macromolecular polymers found in plants, animals, algae, and microbes, have drawn interest owing to their functionalities. Polysaccharide is a fundamental chemical involved in the metabolism of living creatures, as well as a structural support and energy storage material for cells. It is involved in cell identification and control, cellular biological information transport and transmission, immunological response, and protein transfer.

Nowadays, more and more polysaccharides have been reported to possess various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, anticancer, hypoglycemic, and immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, the biological activities of polysaccharides are gaining more and more attention. As polysaccharide nutraceutical characteristics are influenced by their chemical structures and chain conformations, structural identification of polysaccharides and their derivatives is beneficial for their development and use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, the biosynthesis of polysaccharides involves a large number of enzymes and regulatory proteins, and some researchers have previously focused on exploring polysaccharide synthesis pathways. Presently, four general mechanisms for exopolysaccharide biosynthesis are known in bacterial species: the Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway, the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter-dependent pathway, the synthase-dependent pathway, and extracellular synthesis by use of a single sucrase. However, the complete polysaccharide synthesis pathways of plants, algae, and fungus have yet to be described, posing a challenge for future metabolic engineering studies aimed at tailoring various polysaccharides.

This Special Issue will collect manuscripts on the isolation, modification, biosynthetic process, biological activity, and  structure–activity relationships of polysaccharides, as well as oligosaccharides.

Dr. Peng Lei
Prof. Dr. Sha Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • polysaccharide
  • isolation of polysaccharides
  • synthetic mechanism of polysaccharides
  • bioactivity of polysaccharides
  • structure–activity relationships of polysaccharides
  • modification of polysaccharides

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4555 KiB  
Article
Isolation, Characterization, Moisturization and Anti-HepG2 Cell Activities of a Novel Polysaccharide from Cyanobacterium aponinum
by Zishuo Chen, Jiayi Wu, Na Wang, Tao Li, Houbo Wu, Hualian Wu and Wenzhou Xiang
Molecules 2024, 29(19), 4556; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194556 - 25 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1271
Abstract
Polysaccharides from cyanobacteria are extensively reported for their complex structures, good biocompatibility, and diverse bioactivities, but only a few cyanobacterial species have been exploited for the biotechnological production of polysaccharides. According to our previous study, the newly isolated marine cyanobacterium Cyanobacterium aponinum SCSIO-45682 [...] Read more.
Polysaccharides from cyanobacteria are extensively reported for their complex structures, good biocompatibility, and diverse bioactivities, but only a few cyanobacterial species have been exploited for the biotechnological production of polysaccharides. According to our previous study, the newly isolated marine cyanobacterium Cyanobacterium aponinum SCSIO-45682 was a good candidate for polysaccharide production. This work provided a systematic study of the extraction optimization, isolation, structural characterization, and bioactivity evaluation of polysaccharides from C. aponinum SCSIO-45682. Results showed that the crude polysaccharide yield of C. aponinum reached 17.02% by hot water extraction. The crude polysaccharides showed a porous and fibrous structure, as well as good moisture absorption and retention capacities comparable to that of sodium alginate. A homogeneous polysaccharide (Cyanobacterium aponinum polysaccharide, CAP) was obtained after cellulose DEAE-52 column and Sephadex G-100 column purification. CAP possessed a high molecular weight of 4596.64 kDa. It was mainly composed of fucose, galactose, and galacturonic acid, with a molar ratio of 15.27:11.39:8.64. The uronic acid content and sulfate content of CAP was 12.96% and 18.06%, respectively. Furthermore, CAP showed an in vitro growth inhibition effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. The above results indicated the potential of polysaccharides from the marine cyanobacterium C. aponinum SCSIO-45682 as a moisturizer and anticancer addictive applied in cosmetical and pharmaceutical industries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Isolation, Synthesis and Biological Activity of Polysaccharides)
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16 pages, 2963 KiB  
Article
Exploration of Polysaccharides from Phyllanthus emblica: Isolation, Identification, and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder Activities
by Peng Guo, Meng Chen, Wenzhao Wang, Qiuyun Li, Xinyu Chen, Jiayue Liang, Yiyang He and Yanli Wu
Molecules 2024, 29(8), 1751; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29081751 - 12 Apr 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1565
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica is a natural medicinal herb with diverse bioactivities. Certain extracts from this herb have been confirmed to possess anti-glycolipid metabolic disorder activity. To further develop its utility value and explore its potential in combating glycolipid metabolic disorders, we designed a series [...] Read more.
Phyllanthus emblica is a natural medicinal herb with diverse bioactivities. Certain extracts from this herb have been confirmed to possess anti-glycolipid metabolic disorder activity. To further develop its utility value and explore its potential in combating glycolipid metabolic disorders, we designed a series of experiments to investigate the structure, antioxidant activity, and anti-glycolipid metabolic disorder activity of Phyllanthus emblica polysaccharides. In this study, we extracted and purified polysaccharides from Phyllanthus emblica and thoroughly analyzed their structure using various techniques, including NMR, methylation analysis, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. We investigated the hypolipidemic and anti-glycolipid metabolism disorder activity of Phyllanthus emblica polysaccharides for the first time utilizing oleic acid (OA) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) as inducers. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of Phyllanthus emblica polysaccharides was assessed in vitro. These findings lay the groundwork for future investigations into the potential application of Phyllanthus emblica polysaccharides as an intervention for preventing and treating diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Isolation, Synthesis and Biological Activity of Polysaccharides)
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17 pages, 1173 KiB  
Article
Effect of Seed Priming with Chitosan Hydrolysate on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Growth Parameters
by Tatiana Lyalina, Balzhima Shagdarova, Yuliya Zhuikova, Alla Il’ina, Alexey Lunkov and Valery Varlamov
Molecules 2023, 28(4), 1915; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041915 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3218
Abstract
Seed priming increases germination, yield, and resistance to abiotic factors and phytopathogens. Chitosan is considered an ecofriendly growth stimulant and crop protection agent. Chitosan hydrolysate (CH) is an unfractionated product of hydrolysis of high-molecular-weight crab shell chitosan with a molecular weight of 1040 [...] Read more.
Seed priming increases germination, yield, and resistance to abiotic factors and phytopathogens. Chitosan is considered an ecofriendly growth stimulant and crop protection agent. Chitosan hydrolysate (CH) is an unfractionated product of hydrolysis of high-molecular-weight crab shell chitosan with a molecular weight of 1040 kDa and a degree of deacetylation of 85% with nitric acid. The average molecular weight of the main fraction in CH was 39 kDa. Lettuce seeds were soaked in 0.01–1 mg/mL CH for 6 h before sowing. The effects of CH on seed germination, plant morphology, and biochemical indicators at different growth stages were evaluated. Under the 0.1 mg/mL CH treatment, earlier seed germination was detected compared to the control. Increased root branching was observed, along with 100% and 67% increases in fresh weight (FW) at the 24th and 38th days after sowing (DAS), respectively. An increase in the shoot FW was found in CH-treated plants (33% and 4% at the 24th and 38th DAS, respectively). Significant increases in chlorophyll and carotenoid content compared to the control were observed at the 10th DAS. There were no significant differences in the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, polyphenol oxidase, β-1,3-glucanase, and chitinase at the 24th and 38th DAS. Seed priming with CH could increase the yield and uniformity of plants within the group. This effect is important for commercial vegetable production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Isolation, Synthesis and Biological Activity of Polysaccharides)
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17 pages, 4729 KiB  
Article
High-Efficiency Extraction of Pantoea alhagi Exopolysaccharides Driven by pH-Related Changes in the Envelope Structure
by Yuhang Ma, Liang Sun, Rui Wang, Yian Gu, Hong Xu and Peng Lei
Molecules 2022, 27(21), 7209; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217209 - 25 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1640
Abstract
Increasing numbers of exopolysaccharides and their properties have been explored. However, the difficulty of extracting high-viscosity exopolysaccharides has hindered their further industrialization. In this research, we explored a strategy based on encapsulated structure control under different pH to efficiently extract Pantoea alhagi exopolysaccharides [...] Read more.
Increasing numbers of exopolysaccharides and their properties have been explored. However, the difficulty of extracting high-viscosity exopolysaccharides has hindered their further industrialization. In this research, we explored a strategy based on encapsulated structure control under different pH to efficiently extract Pantoea alhagi exopolysaccharides (PAPS). Results showed that at pH levels of 6, 12, and 13, the extraction efficiency of PAPS was elevated, and the yield did not decrease. The rheological properties of the pH−12-treated PAPS were better than those of PAPS treated at pH 7, while the pH−6-treated PAPS decreased. The effects of pH−12-treated PAPS on soil macroaggregates and soil’s water evaporation rate were similar to those of PAPS treated at pH 7. In addition, we observed that treatment at pH 12 produced a significantly reduced encapsulated structure compared with treatment at pH 7. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids after treatment at pH 12 was higher than after treatment at pH 7, which may result in reduced encapsulated structure in pH−12 conditions. These results enrich the understanding of the effect that alters pH conditions on the encapsulated structure to improve the extraction efficiency of exopolysaccharides and provide a theoretical basis for the extraction of exopolysaccharides with extreme viscosity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Isolation, Synthesis and Biological Activity of Polysaccharides)
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