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10 pages, 2106 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Large-Scale Evaluation of Major Soluble Macromolecular Components of Fish Muscle from a Conventional ¹H-NMR Spectral Database

by Feifei Wei, Minoru Fukuchi, Kengo Ito, Kenji Sakata, Taiga Asakura, Yasuhiro Date and Jun Kikuchi

Molecules 2020, 25(8), 1966; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081966 - 23 Apr 2020

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2592

Abstract

Conventional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) has been widely used for identification and quantification of small molecular components in food. However, identification of major soluble macromolecular components from conventional ¹H-NMR spectra is difficult. This is because the baseline appearance is [...] Read more.

Conventional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) has been widely used for identification and quantification of small molecular components in food. However, identification of major soluble macromolecular components from conventional ¹H-NMR spectra is difficult. This is because the baseline appearance is masked by the dense and high-intensity signals from small molecular components present in the sample mixtures. In this study, we introduced an integrated analytical strategy based on the combination of additional measurement using a diffusion filter, covariation peak separation, and matrix decomposition in a small-scale training dataset. This strategy is aimed to extract signal profiles of soluble macromolecular components from conventional ¹H-NMR spectral data in a large-scale dataset without the requirement of re-measurement. We applied this method to the conventional ¹H-NMR spectra of water-soluble fish muscle extracts and investigated the distribution characteristics of fish diversity and muscle soluble macromolecular components, such as lipids and collagens. We identified a cluster of fish species with low content of lipids and high content of collagens in muscle, which showed great potential for the development of functional foods. Because this mechanical data processing method requires additional measurement of only a small-scale training dataset without special sample pretreatment, it should be immediately applicable to extract macromolecular signals from accumulated conventional ¹H-NMR databases of other complex gelatinous mixtures in foods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of NMR Spectroscopy to Nutraceuticals Characterization)

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12 pages, 2799 KiB

Open AccessArticle

NMR Lipid Profile of Milk from Alpine Goats with Supplemented Hempseed and Linseed Diets

by Antonella Caterina Boccia, Erica Cusano, Paola Scano and Roberto Consonni

Molecules 2020, 25(7), 1491; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071491 - 25 Mar 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3056

Abstract

The supplementation of goat diets with natural products to obtain milk with nutraceutical components is a common practice. In these last years, the influence of supplementation of specifically designed diets has been studied with different analytical tools in order to explore possible beneficial [...] Read more.

The supplementation of goat diets with natural products to obtain milk with nutraceutical components is a common practice. In these last years, the influence of supplementation of specifically designed diets has been studied with different analytical tools in order to explore possible beneficial effects in human consumption of animal milk and milk-derived products. In this study, the lipid fraction of milk from Alpine goats undergoing different dietary regimens was studied by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. Alpine goats were fed with linseed or hempseed supplements, and after 14 weeks of treatment, milk was collected and analyzed. Results showed that feeding diets supplemented with seeds positively affected the fatty acid composition with a pronounced increase in unsaturated fatty acids for both diets compared to a control diet. Specifically, linolenic acid content was more than doubled for linseed diet compared with the hempseed and control groups, while linoleic acid greatly increased only upon hempseed supplementation. However, a number of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers and higher levels of fatty acids with trans configuration were found in supplemented diets, particularly in the linseed diet. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of NMR Spectroscopy to Nutraceuticals Characterization)

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Review

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22 pages, 1066 KiB

Open AccessReview

NMR-Based Plant Metabolomics in Nutraceutical Research: An Overview

by Giovanna Valentino, Vittoria Graziani, Brigida D’Abrosca, Severina Pacifico, Antonio Fiorentino and Monica Scognamiglio

Molecules 2020, 25(6), 1444; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061444 - 23 Mar 2020

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5157

Abstract

Few topics are able to channel the interest of researchers, the public, and industries, like nutraceuticals. The ever-increasing demand of new compounds or new sources of known active compounds, along with the need of a better knowledge about their effectiveness, mode of action, [...] Read more.

Few topics are able to channel the interest of researchers, the public, and industries, like nutraceuticals. The ever-increasing demand of new compounds or new sources of known active compounds, along with the need of a better knowledge about their effectiveness, mode of action, safety, etc., led to a significant effort towards the development of analytical approaches able to answer the many questions related to this topic. Therefore, the application of cutting edges approaches to this area has been observed. Among these approaches, metabolomics is a key player. Herewith, the applications of NMR-based metabolomics to nutraceutical research are discussed: after a brief overview of the analytical workflow, the use of NMR-based metabolomics to the search for new compounds or new sources of known nutraceuticals are reviewed. Then, possible applications for quality control and nutraceutical optimization are suggested. Finally, the use of NMR-based metabolomics to study the impact of nutraceuticals on human metabolism is discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of NMR Spectroscopy to Nutraceuticals Characterization)

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