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Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Bioactive Compounds in Plants

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural Products Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2025) | Viewed by 1967

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
Interests: cell cycle; apoptosis; bioactive plant metabolites; cytotoxicity; pharmacology

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Guest Editor
Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
Interests: resurrection plants; secondary metabolites; abiotic stress; biocompatibility; antioxidant

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

From antiquity to the present day, plants have been as food and for cosmetic or therapeutic purposes. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of plant metabolites are well known in traditional medicine and are one of the main desirable qualities when searching for new medicinal or cosmetic preparations. In recent years, research into the molecular mechanisms of their action at the cellular and tissue level has grown exponentially, and researchers are increasingly searching for the exact molecules or molecular combinations to alleviate the symptoms of several diseases. In this Special Issue, “Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Bioactive Compounds in Plants”, we want to bring together the latest research in this field. Their anti-inflammatory properties would advance the therapy of many diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, diabetes complications, cancer, erythema, and other severe and chronic diseases; their anti-aging properties are also of interest. The focus of our attention is on the mechanisms of action of plant secondary metabolites within in vitro test model systems or preclinical trials; we are also interested in food processing and storage and other areas where antioxidant action is important.

Dr. Tanya I. Topouzova-Hristova
Dr. Dimitar Djilianov
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • plant secondary metabolites
  • polyphenols
  • flavonoids
  • anti-inflammatory activity
  • antioxidants
  • molecular pharmacology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 3159 KB  
Article
Energy-Dependent Effects of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Treatment on the Quality Attributes, Bioactive Compounds, and Microstructure of Red Bell Pepper
by Katarzyna Rybak, Aleksandra Skarżyńska, Szymon Ossowski, Magdalena Dadan, Katarzyna Pobiega and Małgorzata Nowacka
Molecules 2026, 31(1), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31010088 - 25 Dec 2025
Abstract
This study evaluated the energy-dependent effects of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on the physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and microstructure of red bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Red bell pepper tissue was treated at specific energy inputs ranging from 1 [...] Read more.
This study evaluated the energy-dependent effects of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on the physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and microstructure of red bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Red bell pepper tissue was treated at specific energy inputs ranging from 1 to 10 kJ/kg and compared with a fresh (untreated sample). The cell disintegration index (CDI) increased progressively with PEF energy, confirming enhanced membrane permeabilization and structural disruption. Structural analyses (SEM and micro-CT) confirmed the formation of pores and interconnected channels, particularly at moderate and high energies. PEF treatment caused a decrease in total polyphenols and flavonoids, whereas vitamin C and total carotenoid contents increased at intermediate energies. Antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP) declined overall but remained at comparable levels for mild PEF exposure. A significant reduction in firmness was observed (from 17% to 27% compared with the untreated control), and color changes were dependent on the energy input, while microstructural degradation intensified as the energy level approached 10 kJ/kg. PEF treatment improved microbial stability, resulting in a measurable reduction in total viable counts and yeast and mold counts, particularly at higher energy inputs. FTIR, TGA, and NMR data confirmed molecular alterations without degradation of major components. Multivariate analysis (dendrogram, PCA) distinguished four characteristic response groups: fresh, low-energy (1–2 kJ/kg), moderate-energy (4–5 kJ/kg), and high-energy (10 kJ/kg). PEF treatment selectively modified red bell pepper tissue, enhancing permeabilization and carotenoid/vitamin C release while preserving visual quality at mild–moderate energies. These results demonstrate the potential of PEF as a nonthermal technique for tailoring the structural and functional properties of plant-based products. Full article
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25 pages, 3592 KB  
Article
Flavonoid Glycosides and Phenolic Acids from Inula Oculus-Christi Modulate Membrane Organization and Provide Antioxidant Protection
by Ralitsa Veleva, Tanya Topouzova-Hristova, Aneliya Kostadinova, Dayana Benkova, Antoaneta Trendafilova, Viktoria Ivanova, Veselina Moskova-Doumanova, Kirilka Mladenova, Jordan Doumanov, Vesela Yordanova and Galya Staneva
Molecules 2025, 30(13), 2740; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30132740 - 25 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1455
Abstract
Oxidative stress induces lipid peroxidation within the membrane bilayer, thereby compromising membrane integrity. Polyphenols (PPs), renowned for their antioxidant properties, have been shown to mitigate oxidative damage. Here, we investigated the structural and antioxidant effects of PPs—specifically flavonoid glycosides (FGs) and phenolic acids [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress induces lipid peroxidation within the membrane bilayer, thereby compromising membrane integrity. Polyphenols (PPs), renowned for their antioxidant properties, have been shown to mitigate oxidative damage. Here, we investigated the structural and antioxidant effects of PPs—specifically flavonoid glycosides (FGs) and phenolic acids (PAs)—extracted from Inula oculus-christi using steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy in both model and cell membranes. Membrane lipid order was evaluated using DPH and Laurdan spectroscopy, while DPH-TEMPO fluorescence quenching was employed to quantify raft-like domain formation in model systems. The antioxidant capacity of the PP extracts was assessed via fluorescence quenching of cis-parinaric acid. Both FGs and PAs conferred approximately 2-fold antioxidant protection, with FGs showing a 1.13-fold greater effect than PAs. In addition, both PP classes promoted lipid raft formation, particularly in cholesterol-rich membranes. PPs increased order in the liquid-disordered (Ld) phase while inducing disorder in the liquid-ordered (Lo) phase, depending on the lipid-to-PP ratio. Notably, FGs enhanced membrane fluidity more strongly in A549 than in MDCKII cells, as reflected by a ~5.7-fold decrease in Laurdan GP in A549 (from 0.04 to −0.17) versus a ~1.4-fold decrease in MDCKII at 200 μg/mL. These findings highlight the dual structural and antioxidative roles of FGs and PAs in preserving membrane integrity under oxidative stress. Full article
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