Submit to Minerals Review for Minerals Propose a Special Issue

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Sulphate and Carbonate Minerals

Print Special Issue Flyer
Special Issue Editors
Special Issue Information
Keywords
Published Papers

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystallography and Physical Chemistry of Minerals & Nanominerals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2023) | Viewed by 16019

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jenna Poonoosamy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ), 52428 Jülich, Germany
Interests: reactive transport modelling, nucleation; precipitation and dissolution in porous media; crystallization in confinement, radionuclide uptake and retention, solid solution
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Felix Brandt

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ), 52428 Jülich, Germany
Interests: materials chemistry; crystal growth and dissolution at low temperatures; radionuclide uptake and retention; dissolution-precipitation reactions; sulphates; secondary phases; clay minerals; solid-solution formation; environmental sciences
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sulphates and carbonates are the most widely occurring scale-forming minerals in various energy-related applications. They are formed during the injection of seawater into oil reservoirs to enhance recovery and are among the most frequently encountered oil field problems. Similar scaling arises during exploitation of geothermal fluids for heat and electricity production. Finally, in nuclear waste storage sites, they are foreseen as a scavenger for radioactive contaminants released from the waste through solid solution formation, or present in the potential host rock. Sulphate and carbonates are also relevant to ocean sedimentology and the geochemistry where the trace elements are taken up during crystallization.

This Special Issue aims to bring together corresponding studies from all these areas. We welcome studies including, but not limited to, the following topics:

Nucleation pathways of carbonates and sulphate minerals;
Crystallization kinetics of sulphate and carbonate minerals;
Crystallography, bulk, and surface physical properties of sulphate and carbonate minerals;
Geochemistry of sulphate and carbonates in oceanic settings;
Environmental aspects: Scale formation and incorporation of foreign ions, remediation of pollutants;
Reactive transport aspects (experiments or modelling) involving the precipitation or dissolution of sulphate and carbonate minerals;
NORM and sulphate and carbonates;
Innovative methodologies to investigate crystallization of sulphates and carbonates;
Thermodynamic properties of sulphate, carbonates and their solid solutions;
Geochemical modelling and atomistic simulation dealing with sulphates and carbonates.

Dr. Jenna Poonoosamy
Dr. Felix Brandt
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

geochemistry
environment
sequestration of contaminants
nucleation and crystal growth
replacement
mineral surface
dissolution
precipitation
thermodynamics
clogging
scale
calcite
barite
norm
reactive transport
microfluidics

Published Papers (11 papers)

Download All Papers

Research

Jump to: Review

34 pages, 8268 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fluid Inclusion Studies of Barite Disseminated in Hydrothermal Sediments of the Mohns Ridge

by Marina D. Kravchishina, Vsevolod Yu. Prokofiev, Olga M. Dara, Boris V. Baranov, Alexey A. Klyuvitkin, Karina S. Iakimova, Vladislav Yu. Kalgin and Alla Yu. Lein

Minerals 2023, 13(9), 1117; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13091117 - 24 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1104

Abstract

This article discusses the results of a fluid inclusion studies in barite collected at the Jan Mayen vent field area (Troll Wall and Perle and Bruse) and Loki’s Castle vent field on the Mohns Ridge segment of the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge. Three mafic-hosted volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits were examined within the active vent fields that adequately correspond to the geological settings of ultraslow-spreading ridges and P–T conditions. Hydrothermal sediments were investigated to determine the temperature and salinity of the fluids responsible for barite precipitation. The hydrothermal origin of the barite was confirmed by its morphology. Fluid inclusions are two-phase and homogenize into the liquid phase on heating at temperatures below 287 °C. The salt concentration in fluids trapped in inclusions is 2.6–4.4 wt.% NaCl eq. The crystallization temperatures varied from 276 °C to 119 °C and from 307 °C to 223 °C for the Jan Mayen and Loki’s Castle vent fields, respectively. The data obtained allowed us to confirm evidence of fluid phase separation in the hydrothermal systems and to expand our knowledge of the temperature and salinity of mineral fluids previously known from recent direct measurements during the cruises within the G.O. Sars research vessel. The fluid inclusions data obtained from barites emphasize the fluid features characteristic of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, the similarities and differences among the studied hydrothermal sites and allow comparisons with similar products from other active hydrothermal systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sulphate and Carbonate Minerals)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 5451 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Use of Microfluidic Platforms with Raman Spectroscopy for Investigating the Co-Precipitation of Metals and Radionuclides in Carbonates

by Jenna Poonoosamy, Alexander Kaspor, Stefan Rudin, Gabriel L. Murphy, Dirk Bosbach and Guido Deissmann

Minerals 2023, 13(5), 636; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13050636 - 02 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1789

Abstract

In the context of long-term safety assessments of deep geological repositories for radio-active wastes, a rigorous understanding of the retention of radionuclides such as ²²⁶Ra due to co-precipitation with carbonate and sulphate minerals is important for a realistic prediction of radionuclide migration behaviour in the repository near and far field. The co-precipitation of ²²⁶Ra in sulphate minerals, in particular barite, has been studied experimentally and numerically in detail throughout the last decade to establish the thermodynamic properties and mixing behaviour of its solid solutions over a wide range of temperatures. However, so far, few studies have been dedicated to the incorporation of ²²⁶Ra into carbonates, and little is known about the mixing behaviour of ²²⁶Ra and calcium carbonate phases such as calcite, aragonite, or vaterite. The aim of the work presented here was to develop and explore innovative microfluidic experiments in combination with in situ Raman spectroscopy that can be used to investigate co-precipitation processes of radionuclides in carbonate minerals, using stable Ba as a chemical analogue for ²²⁶Ra in the first step, due to their similar ionic radii. Different microfluidic set-ups were developed to address co-precipitation in bulk solution as well as in confinement or under diffusive flow regimes. It could be shown by XRD and SEM-EDX analyses that high amounts of Ba can be incorporated into the lattice of calcite when formed via an amorphous precursor phase, suggesting that the formation of calcium carbonates can contribute to the retention of ²²⁶Ra in the repository environment, which will be verified in future studies using the presented microfluidic platforms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sulphate and Carbonate Minerals)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 5039 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Isotopic Signatures of Microbial Mg-Carbonates Deposited in an Ephemeral Hyperalkaline Lake (Central Spain): Paleoenvironmental Implications

by María E. Sanz-Montero, Pablo del Buey, Óscar Cabestrero and Mónica Sánchez-Román

Minerals 2023, 13(5), 617; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13050617 - 28 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1039

Abstract

Interpretation of stable isotope (C and O) composition of lacustrine carbonates requires in-depth knowledge about the interplay between the abiotic and biotic processes in sedimentary environments. The present study, focused on Mg-carbonates from a well-characterized alkaline and ephemeral lake, gives new insight into the behavior of the stable isotopes during the seasonal precipitation of a variety of carbonates. Dolomite and Mg-calcite precipitate intracellularly within Spirogyra during spring and show lighter isotopic signatures (δ¹³C aver. −4.10‰ and δ¹⁸O aver. −0.75‰, VPDB) than a second association of carbonates, such as hydromagnesite, northupite and traces of magnesite among other sodium-bearing carbonates (δ¹³C aver., −1.34‰ and δ¹⁸O aver. 4.52‰, VPDB). The latter precipitate in association with degraded microbial mats as the lake desiccates during summer. Covariant trends between carbonate δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O reflect isotope enrichment related to evapoconcentration. The seasonal cycling of inorganic carbon among carbonate minerals, microbial biomass, lake water and pore water was also analyzed, revealing variations of δ¹³C within a range of −12.40‰ to −0.43‰. The more depleted ¹³C derives from the decay of the microbial mats. The less negative values are distinctive of the bulk carbonates forming crusts in summer. Intracellular calcite and dolomite have δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values (VPDB) ranging, from −5.45‰ to −3.07‰ and −2.48‰ to 1.58‰, respectively, that are intermediate between those two endmembers. These intracellular carbonates are enriched in ¹³C by 5‰ with respect to dissolved inorganic carbon (δ¹³C in the range of −11.79‰ to −6.87‰, VPDB) due to the vital effect of photosynthesis. The crust of carbonates deposited as the lake desiccates dissolve interannually. Alternatively, dolomite and Mg-calcite as well as their isotopic compositions persist during synsedimentary diagenesis, confirming that carbonate biominerals provide isotopic signatures related to the environmental conditions of formation with potential of preservation in the rock record. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sulphate and Carbonate Minerals)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 4142 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Calcium Sulfate Crystallization in Presence of Fluorecent-Tagged Polyacrylate and Some Refinement of Scale Inhibition Mechanism

by Maria Trukhina, Sergey Tkachenko, Anastasia Ryabova, Maxim Oshchepkov, Anatoly Redchuk and Konstantin Popov

Minerals 2023, 13(4), 559; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13040559 - 17 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1659

Abstract

Deposits of calcium sulfate scale on the surfaces of industrial equipment in distillation facilities, reverse osmosis desalination plants, in oil and gas industries lead to significant clogging of pipes and membranes and to a serious increase in production costs. For the mitigation of scale formation, the wide spectrum of antiscalants is applied. The present work is dedicated to the study of calcium sulfate deposition from supersaturated aqueous solutions in the presence of polyacrylic antiscalant with fluorescent marker (naphthalimide fragment) PAA-F1, which provides traceability of the scale inhibitor and a better understanding of its efficacy. A paradoxical phenomenon is being described here. Antiscalant causes a change in the crystal phase from bassanite to gypsum, significantly reduces the amount of deposit, but does not reveal the presence of its molecules either at the kink, step, or at selected edge sites of deposited crystals. Contrary to the predictions of the theory, it either stays in the aqueous phase, or forms its own separate phase Ca-PAA-F1. It is demonstrated that the antiscalant does not block the surfaces of calcium sulfate nuclei or crystal surfaces, but rather the foreign particles of nanodust with particle sizes around 1 nm, naturally occurring in any aqueous solution. As a result, the number of calcium nucleation sites is reduced, and the rate of scale formation decreases without any apparent antiscalant–scale interaction. On the grounds of the current experiment, the substoichiometric effect of scale inhibition obtained an alternative, quite stoichiometric explanation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sulphate and Carbonate Minerals)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

32 pages, 9894 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phonolite-Carbonatite Liquid Immiscibility at 3–6 GPa

by Anton V. Arefiev, Anton Shatskiy, Altyna Bekhtenova and Konstantin D. Litasov

Minerals 2023, 13(3), 443; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13030443 - 20 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1109

Abstract

Liquid immiscibility plays an important role in the formation of carbonatites and associated alkaline Si-undersaturated magmas. Experiments in the sodium carbonate-aluminosilicate systems suggest that the carbonate-silicate miscibility gap is limited by crustal and shallow mantle pressures (up to 2.5 GPa). Unlike in the potassium-rich carbonate-aluminosilicate systems, the carbonate-silicate miscibility gap was established at pressures of 3.5–6 GPa. It is therefore interesting to elucidate the immiscibility range under intermediate pressures, corresponding to 100–200 km depths. Here we conducted experiments over 3–6 GPa and 1050–1500 °C in the systems corresponding to immiscible melts obtained by partial melting of carbonated pelite (DG2) at 6 GPa and 1200 °C. We found that partial melting begins with the alkali-rich carbonatite melt, while immiscible phonolite melt appears over 1050–1200 °C at 3 GPa, 1200 °C at 4.5 GPa, and 1200–1500 °C at 6 GPa. As pressure decreases from 6 to 3 GPa, Na becomes less compatible, and the concentration of the jadeite component in clinopyroxene decreases by a factor of 1.5–6. As a result, the compositions of the immiscible phonolite and carbonatite melts evolve from ultrapotassic (K₂O/Na₂O weight ratio = 10–14) resembling silicic and carbonatitic micro-inclusions in diamonds from kimberlites and placers worldwide to moderately potassic (K₂O/Na₂O = 1–2), which may correspond to phonolitic and associated carbonatitic melts of the spinel facies of the shallow mantle. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sulphate and Carbonate Minerals)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 13799 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Magnesite as a Sorbent in Fluid Combustion Conditions—Role of Magnesium in SO₂ Sorption Process

by Elżbieta Hycnar, Magdalena Sęk and Tadeusz Ratajczak

Minerals 2023, 13(3), 442; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13030442 - 20 Mar 2023

Viewed by 946

Abstract

This article presents the results of research on magnesites from the Polish deposits of Szklary, Wiry and Braszowice as SO₂ sorbents under the conditions of fluidized bed combustion technology. In practice, magnesites are not used as SO₂ sorbents, and the role of magnesium in the desulfurization process under the conditions of fluidized bed combustion technology is evaluated differently among researchers. The literature data question the participation of magnesium in the process of SO₂ capture from flue gas and prove its high reactivity. Similarly, previous studies referred to the problem of the stability of magnesium-containing desulfurization products under high temperature conditions. This paper analyzes the SO₂ binding process and determines the parameters of the sorbent responsible for the efficiency of magnesite sorption. It was shown that MgO, formed as a result of thermal dissociation of magnesite, actively participates in the SO₂ binding reaction to form magnesium sulfate phases (MgSO₄ and CaMg₂(SO₄)₃) stable in the temperature conditions of fluidized bed boilers. The problem of differentiated reactivity of magnesium-containing sorbents should be associated with the porosity of the sorbents. If the secondary surface of the sorbent is developed based on micropores and smaller mesopores (below 0.1 µm), the sorbent will be characterized by low sorption activity. It was shown that the SO₂ binding process is then limited only to the outer part of the sorbent grains. This results in the formation of a massive, SO₂-impermeable desulfurization-product layer on the sorbent grain surface. In real conditions, where the reactions of CaCO₃ thermal dissociation and SO₂ sorption occur almost simultaneously, the inside of the sorbent grains may remain undissociated. The results of experimental research allowed us to trace the dynamics of the SO₂ binding process in relation to real conditions prevailing in fluidized bed boilers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sulphate and Carbonate Minerals)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 6160 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Activation of Dolomite Flotation by Ferrous Hydroxide and Carbonate

by Haiping Zhao, Xiaopeng Niu, Bingxu Dong, Xianbing Jia and Renman Ruan

Minerals 2023, 13(2), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13020200 - 30 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1309

Abstract

The major problem with Carlin-type gold deposit flotation is that the high dolomite content in the concentrate decreases the quality of gold. Further, the activation mechanisms involved in dolomite flotation are still not fully understood. Herein, the correlation of Fe²⁺ conversion with xanthate adsorption and dolomite flotation was investigated to reveal the effect of dolomite embedded with pyrite. Flotation tests suggested that Fe²⁺ rather than Fe³⁺ improved the floatability of dolomite from 20% to 45%. Contact angles and thermodynamic tests indicated that the hydrophobicity of Fe²⁺-modified dolomite corresponds to the adsorption of xanthate. Importantly, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (Tof-SIMS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) attributed the activation of dolomite flotation to the formation of Fe(OH)₂ and FeCO₃. The coordination model of flotation successfully elucidated the selective adsorption of xanthate between Fe(OH)₂, FeCO₃ and FeOOH surfaces. The density function theory (DFT) simulation calculation was performed to identify the reaction rate at the atomic level, and the density of states (DOS) was also conducted to verify the conclusions at the electronic level. This study presents important surface chemistry evidence for understanding and regulating the poor selectivity in the flotation of Carlin-type gold deposits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sulphate and Carbonate Minerals)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 735 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tracking Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Crystallization Products with Far-Infrared Spectroscopy

by Boyang Gao and Kristin M. Poduska

Minerals 2023, 13(1), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13010110 - 10 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1685

Abstract

We prepared solution-precipitated amorphous calcium carbonate by two similar methods and tracked structural changes over time as they crystallized. By cross-referencing mid-range infrared (400–4000 cm⁻¹) with far-infrared (100–400 cm⁻¹) spectral features, and by comparing with powder X-ray diffraction data for the aged crystallized products, we provide guidelines for—and potential limitations of—using far-infrared spectroscopy to assess multi-phase Mg-containing calcium carbonate samples that include amorphous or poorly crystallized components. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sulphate and Carbonate Minerals)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 4399 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Systematic Evaluation for the Impact of the Geological Conditions on the Adsorption Affinities of Calcite as an Adsorbent of Zn²⁺ Ions from Aqueous Solutions: Experimental and Theoretical Studies

by Nourhan Nasser, Mohamed I. El-Sayed, Sarah I. Othman, Ahmed A. Allam, Ibrahim G. Al-Labadi, Mostafa R. Abukhadra and Stefano Bellucci

Minerals 2022, 12(12), 1635; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121635 - 19 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1327

Abstract

Three samples of calcite (calcite crystal (CA), calcite of limestone (L.CA), and metamorphosed calcite (marble) (M.CA)) were assessed as adsorbents of Zn (II) to consider the impact of the different geological conditions. The three samples exhibit remarkable changes in their Zn (II) retention capacities (Q_sat = 384.6 mg/g (CA), 274.5 mg/g (L.CA), and 512.6 mg/g (M.CA)). The retention systems of the three calcite samples were described on the basis of the suggested statistical physics-based equilibrium studies as well as the traditional kinetic and isotherm models. However, the M.CA samples exhibited the best retention capacity, the steric properties reflecting a higher active site density of CA (N_m _(Zn) = 113.46 mg/g) than both M.CA (N_m _(Zn) = 82.8 mg/g) and L.CA (N_m _(Zn) = 52.4 mg/g) at 323 K. This was assigned to the controlling effect of the sequestered numbers of Zn (II) per site on the surfaces of the calcite phase (n_(Zn) = 3.39 (CA), 5.24 (L.CA), and 6.19 (M.CA)) in addition to the higher surface area and ion exchange of the metamorphosed and deformed M.CA. The previous n_(Zn) values suggested the retention of Zn (II) by a multi-ionic mechanism in a vertical orientation. The Gaussian energies (8 to 16 KJ/mol) and retention energies (˂40 KJ/mol) of Zn (II) by CA and L.CA suggested complex physical and weak chemical mechanisms involving ion exchange, hydrogen bonding, dipole bonding forces, electrostatic attractions, and van der Waals forces. The thermodynamic properties were illustrated on the basis of the internal energy, free enthalpy, and entropy functions, which validate the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the Zn (II) retention system by the three calcite samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sulphate and Carbonate Minerals)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 3558 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Laser-Based Characterisation of the Copper Uranyl Sulphate, Johannite

by Victoria L. Frankland, Antoni E. Milodowski and David Read

Minerals 2022, 12(11), 1419; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12111419 - 09 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1200

Abstract

Uranyl sulphate minerals are common alteration phases in uranium mines and uraniferous waste deposits where they occur in conjunction with other products of acidic drainage such as jarosite. Although not persistent in nature due to their high solubility, they may play an important role in governing uranium mobility during the operational and immediate post-closure environment of an engineered radioactive waste repository where oxidising conditions prevail. One such mineral, johannite (Cu(UO₂)₂(SO₄)₂(OH)₂·8H₂O), is of particular interest given the stated intention of several countries to use copper canisters in the disposal of spent nuclear fuel. A museum reference sample of johannite has been characterised by luminescence and multiple-laser Raman spectroscopy, resulting in the first reported luminescence excitation and emission spectra for this mineral. Well-defined Raman features were observed using 785, 633, and 532 nm lasers with the resolved peaks corresponding well to the published spectra. The Raman spectrum measured with the 457 nm laser was mostly masked by a series of repeating doublets attributed to the luminescence emission features, from which band spacing values of 831 and 823 cm⁻¹ were extracted; the former corresponded to both the resolved 785 nm ν₁(UO₂)²⁺ peak position and the band spacing value obtained from the first reported luminescence emission spectrum for johannite. Four emission and nine excitation peaks were resolved from the luminescence spectra. The findings indicate that a suite of complementary laser-based techniques offer the potential for real-time characterisation of johannite formed in environments where intrusive sampling, transportation, and ‘off-site’ laboratory analysis are not feasible. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sulphate and Carbonate Minerals)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

16 pages, 5663 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Main Controlling Factors on the Evolution of the Cambrian Carbonate Platform in the Tarim Basin and Its Implications for the Distribution of Ultra-Deep Dolomite Reservoirs

by Kehui Zhang, Xuelian YOU, Yifen Wu, Yijing Zhao and Jia Wang

Minerals 2023, 13(2), 245; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13020245 - 09 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1406

Abstract

Cambrian age strata are the critical development and research stratum series of oil and gas reserves in the Tarim Basin, which contains rich oil and gas resources. The restoration of the Cambrian carbonate platform conversion and the main control factors of development has significant implication for the distribution of ultra-deep dolomite reservoirs. Based on a large number of drilling and outcrop profile data, the micro geomorphic characteristics of carbonate platforms in different periods of the Cambrian period are reconstructed in the western Tarim area, and the basin filling and structure, paleoclimate, sea level change, and seawater redox conditions are combined to analyze the main controlling factors of platform development in different periods and establish the platform evolution model. The characteristics and evolution of the Cambrian Tarim prototype basin are mainly controlled by the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent, and its tectonic sedimentary pattern has evolved from the north–south differentiation pattern at the end of the Ediacaran to the east-west differentiation pattern of the Cambrian. The sedimentary framework of the Terreneuvian was mainly controlled by the development of paleo-uplift caused by structure and the change of seawater properties caused by the sea level variation. In the Series2 carbonate platform with extensive development, the internal differentiation is controlled by the new paleogeographic pattern of “three uplifts and two depressions”, and reef beach facies belt and platform edge begin to develop due to the lowering of sea level. Under the combined action of rapid accumulation of carbonate rocks, gradual stabilization of global sea level, and the change of ancient climate from warm and humid to hot and dry, the platform environment in the west of the Tarim Basin changed from a restricted platform environment to an evaporation platform environment, and the evaporation lagoon area in Bachu was significantly expanded in the Miaolingian. During the Furongian, the basin ended the evaporation lagoon sedimentary environment mainly due to the rise of sea level and developed a restricted platform environment again. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sulphate and Carbonate Minerals)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Sulphate and Carbonate Minerals

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Published Papers (11 papers)

Research

Review

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI