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Microorganisms
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Latest Review Papers in Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance 2024
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Latest Review Papers in Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance 2024

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 July 2024 | Viewed by 4755

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Maurizio Ciani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life and Environmental Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
Interests: yeast fermentation processes; wine and beer fermentation; yeast physiology; bioprocess; biomass recycling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to collect high-quality review papers on all fields of associated with antimicrobial agents and resistance. We encourage researchers to contribute review papers (preferably full-length comprehensive reviews) highlighting the latest developments in relation to antimicrobial agents and resistance or to invite relevant experts and colleagues to do so.

Prof. Dr. Maurizio Ciani
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antimicrobial agents
  • antibacterial agents
  • antifungal agents
  • antiparasitic agents
  • resistance properties of microorganisms
  • antibiotic resistance
  • multidrug resistance

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Review

21 pages, 787 KiB  
Review
Antimicrobial Polymer Films with Grape Seed and Skin Extracts for Food Packaging
by Yavor Ivanov and Tzonka Godjevargova
Microorganisms 2024, 12(7), 1378; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071378 - 6 Jul 2024
Viewed by 763
Abstract
The development of antimicrobial food packaging is a very important and current goal, but it still difficult to implement in practice. Reducing microbial contamination and preserving food quality are very important tasks for food manufacturers as the use of antimicrobial packaging can preserve [...] Read more.
The development of antimicrobial food packaging is a very important and current goal, but it still difficult to implement in practice. Reducing microbial contamination and preserving food quality are very important tasks for food manufacturers as the use of antimicrobial packaging can preserve the health of consumers. On the other hand, the difficulty of degrading packaging materials, leading to environmental pollution, is also an important problem. These problems can be solved by using biodegradable biopolymers and antimicrobial agents in the production of food packaging. Very suitable antimicrobial agents are grape seed and skin extracts as they have high antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity and are obtained from grape pomace, a waste product of winemaking. The present review presents the valuable bioactive compounds contained in grape seeds and skins, the methods used to obtain the extracts, and their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Then, the application of grape seed and skin extracts for the production of antimicrobial packaging is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on antimicrobial packaging based on various biopolymers. Special attention is also paid to the application of the extract of grape skins to obtain intelligent indicator packages for the continuous monitoring of the freshness and quality of foods. The focus is mainly placed on the antimicrobial properties of the packaging against different types of microorganisms and their applications for food packaging. The presented data prove the good potential of grape seed and skin extracts to be used as active agents in the preparation of antimicrobial food packaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers in Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance 2024)
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67 pages, 3765 KiB  
Review
Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides in the Modern Era: An Updated Review
by Layla Tajer, Jean-Christophe Paillart, Hanna Dib, Jean-Marc Sabatier, Ziad Fajloun and Ziad Abi Khattar
Microorganisms 2024, 12(7), 1259; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071259 - 21 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1627
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious global health concern, resulting in a significant number of deaths annually due to infections that are resistant to treatment. Amidst this crisis, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics (ATBs). These cationic peptides, [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious global health concern, resulting in a significant number of deaths annually due to infections that are resistant to treatment. Amidst this crisis, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics (ATBs). These cationic peptides, naturally produced by all kingdoms of life, play a crucial role in the innate immune system of multicellular organisms and in bacterial interspecies competition by exhibiting broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. AMPs target bacterial pathogens through multiple mechanisms, most importantly by disrupting their membranes, leading to cell lysis. However, bacterial resistance to host AMPs has emerged due to a slow co-evolutionary process between microorganisms and their hosts. Alarmingly, the development of resistance to last-resort AMPs in the treatment of MDR infections, such as colistin, is attributed to the misuse of this peptide and the high rate of horizontal genetic transfer of the corresponding resistance genes. AMP-resistant bacteria employ diverse mechanisms, including but not limited to proteolytic degradation, extracellular trapping and inactivation, active efflux, as well as complex modifications in bacterial cell wall and membrane structures. This review comprehensively examines all constitutive and inducible molecular resistance mechanisms to AMPs supported by experimental evidence described to date in bacterial pathogens. We also explore the specificity of these mechanisms toward structurally diverse AMPs to broaden and enhance their potential in developing and applying them as therapeutics for MDR bacteria. Additionally, we provide insights into the significance of AMP resistance within the context of host–pathogen interactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers in Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance 2024)
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23 pages, 2949 KiB  
Review
Current and Ongoing Developments in Targeting Clostridioides difficile Infection and Recurrence
by Wendy Y. Cun, Paul A. Keller and Stephen G. Pyne
Microorganisms 2024, 12(6), 1206; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12061206 - 15 Jun 2024
Viewed by 534
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacterial pathogen that causes severe gastrointestinal infection in humans. This review provides background information on C. difficile infection and the pathogenesis and toxigenicity of C. difficile. The risk factors, causes, and the problem of recurrence [...] Read more.
Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacterial pathogen that causes severe gastrointestinal infection in humans. This review provides background information on C. difficile infection and the pathogenesis and toxigenicity of C. difficile. The risk factors, causes, and the problem of recurrence of disease and current therapeutic treatments are also discussed. Recent therapeutic developments are reviewed including small molecules that inhibit toxin formation, disrupt the cell membrane, inhibit the sporulation process, and activate the host immune system in cells. Other treatments discussed include faecal microbiota treatment, antibody-based immunotherapies, probiotics, vaccines, and violet-blue light disinfection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers in Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance 2024)
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25 pages, 936 KiB  
Review
Tackling the Antimicrobial Resistance “Pandemic” with Machine Learning Tools: A Summary of Available Evidence
by Doris Rusic, Marko Kumric, Ana Seselja Perisin, Dario Leskur, Josipa Bukic, Darko Modun, Marino Vilovic, Josip Vrdoljak, Dinko Martinovic, Marko Grahovac and Josko Bozic
Microorganisms 2024, 12(5), 842; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12050842 - 23 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1301
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is recognised as one of the top threats healthcare is bound to face in the future. There have been various attempts to preserve the efficacy of existing antimicrobials, develop new and efficient antimicrobials, manage infections with multi-drug resistant strains, and improve [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance is recognised as one of the top threats healthcare is bound to face in the future. There have been various attempts to preserve the efficacy of existing antimicrobials, develop new and efficient antimicrobials, manage infections with multi-drug resistant strains, and improve patient outcomes, resulting in a growing mass of routinely available data, including electronic health records and microbiological information that can be employed to develop individualised antimicrobial stewardship. Machine learning methods have been developed to predict antimicrobial resistance from whole-genome sequencing data, forecast medication susceptibility, recognise epidemic patterns for surveillance purposes, or propose new antibacterial treatments and accelerate scientific discovery. Unfortunately, there is an evident gap between the number of machine learning applications in science and the effective implementation of these systems. This narrative review highlights some of the outstanding opportunities that machine learning offers when applied in research related to antimicrobial resistance. In the future, machine learning tools may prove to be superbugs’ kryptonite. This review aims to provide an overview of available publications to aid researchers that are looking to expand their work with new approaches and to acquaint them with the current application of machine learning techniques in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers in Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance 2024)
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