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Micromachines
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Nanotechnology in Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond
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Nanotechnology in Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "C：Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2025) | Viewed by 6550

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dinh Duc Nguyen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
Interests: sustainable energy; energy storage; carbon-based materials; environmental nanotechnology; energy conversion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Duong Duc La

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Chemistry and Materials, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
Interests: Li-ion batteries; anode materials; supercapacitors; carbon-based nanomaterials; environmental treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanotechnology is revolutionizing the field of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries and beyond, offering groundbreaking advancements in performance, safety, and sustainability. Li-ion batteries have become the cornerstone of modern portable electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and reliability. Recent advances in Li-ion battery technology focus on enhancing performance, safety, and sustainability. Innovations in cathode and anode materials, such as nickel-rich oxides and silicon-based anodes, aim to increase energy density and capacity and solid-state batteries (SSBs) significantly improve safety and performance by employing non-flammable solid electrolytes. Additionally, developments in manufacturing techniques and recycling processes are essential for cost-effective and environmentally friendly production. Beyond Li-ion technology, research explores alternative chemistries, including lithium–sulfur, sodium-ion, and multivalent ion batteries, which promise higher energy densities and improved safety. These new battery systems leverage nanoscale innovations to overcome the limitations of traditional systems.

We invite you to contribute to our Special Issue, entitled “Nanotechnology in Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond”, which aims to showcase the latest breakthroughs in Li-ion battery technology and explore new chemistries and configurations that could surpass the limitations of traditional systems. This Special Issue also aims to drive forward the research and development of battery technology, fostering innovations that can meet growing demands for energy storage solutions. We look forward to your contributions and to advancing the field together.

Dr. Dinh Duc Nguyen
Dr. Duong Duc La
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • advanced cathode materials to increase capacity and stability
  • development of new anode materials for Li-ion batteries
  • nanotechnology in solid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and stability
  • development of non-flammable electrolytes, thermal management systems, and protective coatings on electrodes
  • materials engineering, novel cell architectures, and electrode designs for higher energy densities
  • methods for recycling and reusing battery materials
  • new battery chemistries beyond Li-ion: lithium–sulfur (Li-S) batteries, sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries, solid-state lithium metal batteries, magnesium and zinc batteries
  • hybrid and multifunctional batteries

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 11324 KiB  
Article
Study on the Multi-Stage Evolution of Thermal Runaway and the Flammability Threshold of Gas Generation in Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries Based on SOC Gradient
by Changbao Qi, Hewu Wang, Minghai Li, Cheng Li, Yalun Li, Ningning Wei and Huipeng Zhang
Micromachines 2025, 16(5), 544; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16050544 - 30 Apr 2025
Viewed by 415
Abstract
Lithium batteries are widely used in fields such as engineering micro-machines, robotics, and transportation. However, safety issues caused by battery thermal runaway limit their further promotion. This study used a sealed heating pressure chamber (SHPC) to perform “heat-wait-seek (HWS)” stepwise heating on a [...] Read more.
Lithium batteries are widely used in fields such as engineering micro-machines, robotics, and transportation. However, safety issues caused by battery thermal runaway limit their further promotion. This study used a sealed heating pressure chamber (SHPC) to perform “heat-wait-seek (HWS)” stepwise heating on a 50 Ah lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) battery to trigger thermal runaway. It was found that the state of charge (SOC) has a significant impact on the safety of the battery. There was no significant correlation between the valve opening temperature (T1) and the temperature at which the battery’s thermal runaway rapidly self-heats (T2) and SOC. However, as SOC increased, the maximum temperature (T3) of the battery’s thermal runaway increased, reaching up to 357.4 °C. The mass loss rate due to thermal runaway increased with SOC. The critical point of the battery’s safety valve was essentially independent of SOC and was mainly influenced by temperature. After thermal runaway, the mixed gas was passed through a gas chromatograph (GC) to detect its composition. When the SOC was below 50%, the total gas production from thermal runaway increased slowly (0.68–0.90 mol). Above 50% SOC, the total gas production from the battery increased sharply (at 75% SOC, 1.17504 mol; at 100% SOC, 2.33047 mol). Among these gases, the amount of H2 increased sharply with SOC (from 0.01 mol at 0% SOC to 0.93 mol at 100% SOC), while the amount of CO2 remained almost constant. Considering the inerting effect of CO2 in the gas produced during thermal runaway of LiFePO4 batteries, the lower flammability limit of the mixed gas increased as SOC decreased (from 6.91% at 100% SOC to 55.43% at 0% SOC). The risk of explosion during thermal runaway of high SOC batteries significantly increased. Notably, within the SOC range of 25% to 100%, the flammable range remained stable at 34–43%, but at 0% SOC, it sharply dropped to 0.5%. Therefore, batteries that are deeply discharged have higher safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnology in Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond)
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Review

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76 pages, 5996 KiB  
Review
From Present Innovations to Future Potential: The Promising Journey of Lithium-Ion Batteries
by Pooya Parvizi, Milad Jalilian, Alireza Mohammadi Amidi, Mohammad Reza Zangeneh and Jordi-Roger Riba
Micromachines 2025, 16(2), 194; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16020194 - 7 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5621
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become integral to modern technology, powering portable electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage systems. This document explores the complexities and advancements in LIB technology, highlighting the fundamental components such as anodes, cathodes, electrolytes, and separators. It delves into [...] Read more.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become integral to modern technology, powering portable electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage systems. This document explores the complexities and advancements in LIB technology, highlighting the fundamental components such as anodes, cathodes, electrolytes, and separators. It delves into the critical interplay of these components in determining battery performance, including energy density, cycling stability, and safety. Moreover, the document addresses the significant sustainability challenges posed by the widespread adoption of LIBs, focusing on resource depletion and environmental impact. Various recycling practices, including hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, and direct recycling, are evaluated for their efficiency in metal recovery and ecological footprint. The advancements in recycling technologies aim to mitigate the adverse effects of LIB waste, emphasizing the need for sustainable and scalable solutions. The research underscores the importance of ongoing innovation in electrode materials and recycling methodologies, reminding us of our responsibility and commitment to finding and implementing these solutions, as this continuous improvement is crucial to enhance the performance, safety, and sustainability of LIBs, ensuring their continued relevance in the evolving energy storage landscape. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnology in Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond)
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