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Micromachines
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Piezoelectric Devices: Materials and Applications
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Piezoelectric Devices: Materials and Applications

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "D：Materials and Processing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2023) | Viewed by 10612

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yiyuan (Harlon) Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Interests: bioelectronics; biomedical devices; soft robotics; neurotechnologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The discovery of the piezoelectric effect is an important milestone in the field of research in energy harvesting. Piezoelectric materials’ capability of accumulating electrical charges in response to applied mechanical stress enables their broad applications as renewable energy sources and vast types of sensors. Continuous developments in manufacturing approaches allow the construction of elaborate functional devices with these materials at even nanometer scales. Representative outcomes include, but are not limited to, nanogenerators for harvesting energy from human activities (walking, talking, and breathing), wearable/implantable pressure sensors for the continuous monitoring of tissue activities and environmental cues, and active mechanical sensors for smart human–machine interfaces (e.g., touchpads and prostheses). A tremendous amount of research is focusing on both the fundamental and engineering aspects of piezoelectric materials, with attempts to build devices with improved efficiency, compliant mechanical properties, and various form factors to accomplish tasks in different fields. Thus, this Special Issue intends to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles that address the latest results and progress in piezoelectric devices and their applications, especially in the following context: (1) novel materials and fabrication technologies that improve the energy-harvesting efficiency and functions of devices; (2) the modeling of material properties and device performance to improve the efficiency of manufacture; (3) biomedical devices with soft, compliant form factors that enable the continuous monitoring of vital biophysiological signals.

We are looking forward to receiving your submissions!

Dr. Yiyuan (Harlon) Yang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • piezoelectric devices
  • bioelectronics
  • energy harvesting
  • smart human–machine interfaces
  • nanogenerators
  • wearable/implantable systems
  • biomedical devices
  • robotic systems
  • microelectromechanical systems
  • active mechanical sensors

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 5249 KiB  
Article
Matching the Optimal Operating Mode of Polydimethylsiloxane Check Valves by Tuning the Resonant Frequency of the Resonator in a Piezoelectric Pump for Improved Output Performance
by Jian Chen, Fanci Meng, Zihan Feng, Wenzhi Gao, Changhai Liu and Yishan Zeng
Micromachines 2023, 14(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14010015 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1711
Abstract
This paper proposes to improve the output performance of a piezoelectric pump by matching the resonant frequency of the resonator to the optimal operating mode of bridge-type polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) check valves. Simulation analyses reveal that the side-curling mode of the PDMS valve is [...] Read more.
This paper proposes to improve the output performance of a piezoelectric pump by matching the resonant frequency of the resonator to the optimal operating mode of bridge-type polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) check valves. Simulation analyses reveal that the side-curling mode of the PDMS valve is conducive to liquid flow and exhibits a faster frequency response compared with the first bending mode. The first bending resonant frequency of a beam-type piezoelectric resonator was tuned close to the side-curling mode of the PDMS valve by adjusting the weight of two mass blocks installed on both ends of the resonator, so that both the resonator and the valve could work at their best conditions. Experiments were conducted on a detachable prototype piezoelectric pump using PDMS valves with three different lengths. The results confirm that the peak flowrate at the resonant point of the pump reaches its maximum when the resonant frequencies between the resonator and the valve are matched. Maximum peak flowrates of 88 mL/min, 72 mL/min and 70 mL/min were achieved at 722 Hz, 761 Hz and 789 Hz, respectively, for diaphragm pumps using five-, four- and three-inlet-hole PDMS valves, under a driving voltage of 300 Vpp. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Devices: Materials and Applications)
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20 pages, 7476 KiB  
Article
An Arterial Compliance Sensor for Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation Based on Piezoelectric and Optical Signals
by Cheng-Yan Guo, Hao-Ching Chang, Kuan-Jen Wang and Tung-Li Hsieh
Micromachines 2022, 13(8), 1327; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13081327 - 16 Aug 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5609
Abstract
Objective: Blood pressure (BP) data can influence therapeutic decisions for some patients, while non-invasive devices that continuously monitor BP can provide patients with a more comprehensive BP assessment. Therefore, this study proposes a multi-sensor-based small cuffless BP monitoring device that integrates a piezoelectric [...] Read more.
Objective: Blood pressure (BP) data can influence therapeutic decisions for some patients, while non-invasive devices that continuously monitor BP can provide patients with a more comprehensive BP assessment. Therefore, this study proposes a multi-sensor-based small cuffless BP monitoring device that integrates a piezoelectric sensor array and an optical sensor, which can monitor the patient’s physiological signals from the radial artery. Method: Based on the Moens–Korteweg (MK) equation of the hemodynamic model, pulse wave velocity (PWV) can be correlated with arterial compliance and BP can be estimated. Therefore, the novel method proposed in this study involves using a piezoelectric sensor array to measure the PWV and an optical sensor to measure the photoplethysmography (PPG) intensity ratio (PIR) signal to estimate the participant’s arterial parameters. The parameters measured by multiple sensors were combined to estimate BP based on the P–β model derived from the MK equation. Result: We recruited 20 participants for the BP monitoring experiment to compare the performance of the BP estimation method with the regression model and the P–β model method with arterial compliance. We then compared the estimated BP with a reference device for validation. The results are presented as the error mean ± standard deviation (SD). Based on the regression model method, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 0.32 ± 5.94, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 2.17 ± 6.22, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 1.55 ± 5.83. The results of the P–β model method were as follows: SBP was 0.75 ± 3.9, DBP was 1.1 ± 3.12, and MAP was 0.49 ± 2.82. Conclusion: According to the results of our proposed small cuffless BP monitoring device, both methods of estimating BP conform to ANSI/AAMI/ISO 81060-2:20181_5.2.4.1.2 criterion 1 and 2, and using arterial parameters to calibrate the MK equation model can improve BP estimate accuracy. In the future, our proposed device can provide patients with a convenient and comfortable BP monitoring solution. Since the device is small, it can be used in a public place without attracting other people’s attention, thereby effectively improving the patient’s right to privacy, and increasing their willingness to use it. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Devices: Materials and Applications)
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10 pages, 2597 KiB  
Article
Design of a Radial Vortex-Based Spin-Torque Nano-Oscillator in a Strain-Mediated Multiferroic Nanostructure for BFSK/BASK Applications
by Huimin Hu, Guoliang Yu, Yiting Li, Yang Qiu, Haibin Zhu, Mingmin Zhu and Haomiao Zhou
Micromachines 2022, 13(7), 1056; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13071056 - 30 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2286
Abstract
Radial vortex-based spin torque nano-oscillators (RV-STNOs) have attracted extensive attention as potential nano microwave signal generators due to their advantages over other topological states, such as their higher oscillation, higher microwave power, and lower power consumption. However, the current driving the oscillation frequency [...] Read more.
Radial vortex-based spin torque nano-oscillators (RV-STNOs) have attracted extensive attention as potential nano microwave signal generators due to their advantages over other topological states, such as their higher oscillation, higher microwave power, and lower power consumption. However, the current driving the oscillation frequency of the STNOs must be limited in a small range of adjustment, which means less data transmission channels. In this paper, a new RV-STNO system is proposed with a multiferroic nanostructure, which consists of an ultrathin magnetic multilayer and a piezoelectric layer. Phase diagrams of oscillation frequency and amplitude with respect to piezostrain and current are obtained through micromagnetic simulation. The results show that the threshold current density of −4000-ppm compressive strain-assisted RV-STNOs is reduced from 2 × 109 A/m2 to 2 × 108 A/m2, showing one order of magnitude lower than that of conventional current-driven nano-oscillators. Meanwhile, the range of oscillation frequency adjustment is significantly enhanced, and there is an increased amplitude at the low oscillation point. Moreover, a promising digital binary frequency-shift key (BFSK) and binary amplitude-shift key (BASK) modulation technique is proposed under the combined action of current pulse and piezostrain pulse. They can transmit bit signals and show good modulation characteristics with a minimal transient state. These results provide a reference for developing the next generation of spintronic nano-oscillators with a wide frequency range and low power consumption, showing potential for future wireless communication applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Devices: Materials and Applications)
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