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Micromachines
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Energy Harvesters and Self-Powered Sensors for Smart Electronics, 3rd Edition
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Energy Harvesters and Self-Powered Sensors for Smart Electronics, 3rd Edition

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "A：Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2025) | Viewed by 5285

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Qiongfeng Shi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
Interests: artificial intelligence; AI-integrated systems; flexible electronics; energy harvesting; human–machine interfaces; MEMS
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Huicong Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
Interests: AI-enabled sensors; MEMS; self-powered sensors; smart electronics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, we have witnessed the revolutionary innovation and flourishing development of the Internet of Things (IoT), which will further proliferate with the gradual rollout of the fifth-generation (5G) wireless network across the globe. Enabled by the ultrahigh-speed data communication capability of 5G, various IoT systems can be envisioned by linking numerous interrelated electronic devices together in an integrated and interconnected network, such as the smart factory, unmanned shop, smart home, or wearable body network. Within these complicated and widely distributed systems, energy supply in the IoT era is gradually migrating from a centralized and ordered supply mode towards a mobile and in situ supply. Compared to current battery technology, energy-harvesting technologies that scavenge available energies from the ambient surroundings exhibit great advantages as an energy supply, e.g., extended and unlimited lifetime, high portability, flexible/stretchable compatibility, and the ability to develop sustainability. Recently, different energy-harvesting technologies have undergone significant innovation, providing key functionalities in diversified systems such as energy harvesters and self-powered sensors. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers and review articles that are focused on advanced developments in the design, fabrication, integration, and application of energy-harvesting technologies, with a particular focus on energy harvesters, nanogenerators, self-powered sensors and systems.

Prof. Dr. Qiongfeng Shi
Prof. Dr. Huicong Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • energy harvesters
  • nanogenerators
  • self-powered sensors
  • smart electronics
  • internet of things

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Related Special Issues

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 6234 KiB  
Article
PEDOT:PSS-MWCNT Nanocomposite Wire for Routing in Energy Harvesting Devices
by S. Haghgooye Shafagh, Imran Deen, Dhilippan Mamsapuram Panneerselvam and Muthukumaran Packirisamy
Micromachines 2025, 16(4), 382; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16040382 - 27 Mar 2025
Viewed by 335
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(4-styrene-sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) composites were tested to determine their suitability for charging small-scale batteries in conjunction with a piezoelectric actuator as an energy harvester. Two different PEDOT:PSS patterns (zigzag and serpentine) were tested, and the maximum DC voltage of a [...] Read more.
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(4-styrene-sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) composites were tested to determine their suitability for charging small-scale batteries in conjunction with a piezoelectric actuator as an energy harvester. Two different PEDOT:PSS patterns (zigzag and serpentine) were tested, and the maximum DC voltage of a system incorporating PEDOT:PSS was determined. The aim of this work is to study the effect of soft corners in the electrical routing of aircraft and IoT sensors. The zigzag and serpentine patterns were considered for this study because of their simplicity in design. Without the polymer, 2.3 V was produced by the actuator, while adding PEDOT:PSS resulted in the voltage being reduced to 1.7 V. The piezoelectric actuator was connected to a 3.6 V rechargeable Li-ion battery, and the battery’s voltage was recorded over 1 h. The voltage from the piezoelectric actuator was 3.8 V. Without PEDOT:PSS, the battery was charged to a maximum of 3 V. Adding the PEDOT:PSS to the circuit reduced the maximum charge to a voltage of 2 V. The results indicate that while PEDOT:PSS composites can be used in conjunction with piezoelectric energy harvesters, more work is still needed to optimize the system to increase efficiency and charging rates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Harvesters and Self-Powered Sensors for Smart Electronics, 3rd Edition)
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16 pages, 1309 KiB  
Article
A Sub-0.01 °C Resolution All-CMOS Temperature Sensor with 0.43 °C/−0.38 °C Inaccuracy and 1.9 pJ · K2 Resolution FoM for IoT Applications
by Yixiao Sun, Jie Cheng, Zhizhong Luo and Yanhan Zeng
Micromachines 2024, 15(9), 1132; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15091132 - 6 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1225
Abstract
A high resolution, acceptable accuracy and low power consumption time-domain temperature sensor is proposed and simulated in this paper based on a 180 nm standard CMOS technology. A diode stacking structure is introduced to enhance the accuracy of the temperature sensing core. To [...] Read more.
A high resolution, acceptable accuracy and low power consumption time-domain temperature sensor is proposed and simulated in this paper based on a 180 nm standard CMOS technology. A diode stacking structure is introduced to enhance the accuracy of the temperature sensing core. To improve the resolution of the sensor, a dual-input capacitor multiplexing voltage-to-time converter (VTC) is implemented. Additionally, a low-temperature drift voltage-mode relaxation oscillator (ROSC) is proposed, effectively reducing the large oscillation frequency drift caused by significant temperature impacts on delay errors. The simulated results show that the resolution is as high as 0.0071 °C over 0∼120 °C with +0.43 °C/−0.38 °C inaccuracy and 1.9 pJ · K2 resolution FoM, consuming only 1.48 μW at a 1.2 V supply voltage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Harvesters and Self-Powered Sensors for Smart Electronics, 3rd Edition)
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11 pages, 2822 KiB  
Article
Flexible Thermoelectric Device Based on Protrusion-Structured Liquid Metal Elastomer for Gravity Heat Pipe
by Xiaogang Zhang, Xinghua Zhang, Shaocheng Ge, Bailin Zhang, Dongguang Zhang and Jiayi Yang
Micromachines 2024, 15(5), 592; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15050592 - 29 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1361
Abstract
Monitoring the temperature of the coal gangue mountains is fundamental to preventing their spontaneous combustion. However, the existing temperature monitoring systems fail to achieve stable, pollution-free temperature monitoring without affecting vegetation growth in these mountains. To address this issue, this work proposes a [...] Read more.
Monitoring the temperature of the coal gangue mountains is fundamental to preventing their spontaneous combustion. However, the existing temperature monitoring systems fail to achieve stable, pollution-free temperature monitoring without affecting vegetation growth in these mountains. To address this issue, this work proposes a flexible thermoelectric device (FTD) based on a protrusion-structured liquid metal elastomer (LME). Utilizing a high-thermal-conductivity LME, the FTD adheres closely to the surface of the gravity heat pipe (GHP), ensuring compatibility between FTD and the curved surface of the GHP. Simultaneously, employing a low-thermal-conductivity elastomer helps concentrate heat onto FTD, thereby enhancing thermoelectric power generation efficiency. Additionally, the impact of the shape, size, and height of the protrusion structure at the cold end of the GHP on its efficiency was also investigated. The practical application of FTD on GHP was demonstrated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Harvesters and Self-Powered Sensors for Smart Electronics, 3rd Edition)
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