Dear Colleagues,

At present, the purity of steel and other metals is defined by the nonmetallic inclusions into the product, including their size, quantity, distribution, chemical composition, and mineralogy. Overall, nonmetallic inclusions can be divided into endogenous (produced by the chemical reaction between components dissolved in liquid metal) and exogenous (from the outside, in the form of particles of refractory or slag). They can arise at all stages of the process. The increasing requirements of metal purity necessitate the reduction in number and size of nonmetallic inclusions in it. The tightening of standards forced to take a number of studies to understand the phenomena of liquid metal and inclusions flow at different stages of its production. Since the inclusions are lifted by the liquid metal, it is necessary to analyze the structure of the flow and possibilities of the inclusions separation from metal.

The current Special Issue focuses on the newest research concerning different techniques used to investigate the inclusions in metallic materials. Since the experimental research performed on the liquid metal—during standard operating conditions—is limited due to the high temperatures and opacity of the fluid, the process is often analyzed based on the research on the physical (mostly water) models and using numerical modeling techniques.

Prof. Dr. Marek Warzecha
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

• Nonmetallic inclusions removal
• Liquid metal flow structure
• Plant trials
• Numerical modeling
• Physical modeling