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Metals
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Research Progress of Metal Smart Materials
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Research Progress of Metal Smart Materials

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metallic Functional Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 4096

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Elena Panchenko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Siberian Physical-Technical Institute, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
Interests: thermoelastic martensitic transformations in homogeneous and non-homogeneous metallic materials; single-crystal growth; microstructure–functional-property relationship in conversional and ferromagnetic shape memory alloys; electron microscopy and diffraction techniques; influence of aging and martensite stabilization on shape memory effect, superelasticity, elastocaloric effect, and functional degradation in shape memory alloys

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Progress in modern technologies and biomedicine, associated with robotization and environmental safety techniques, is substantially determined by the design of metal smart materials. Special smart materials with martensitic transformation (shape memory alloys) possess the functional properties necessary for the creation of actuators, sensors, dampers, solid-state refrigerators, and medicine devices operating under the action of thermal, magnetic, and/or stress fields. In recent decades, significant advances in different material-processing technologies (additive manufacturing, direct solidification, single-crystal growth, and abnormal grain growth) and the design of new types of shape memory alloys (magnetic, high-entropy, high-temperature, and porous alloys) have been achieved. The functional properties, reliability, stability, and energyconversion efficiency of these smart materials strongly depend on their microstructures. Therefore, more efficient microstructural material designs and developments are needed to optimize their functional properties in order to satisfy the progressive requirements of modern technologies.

This Special Issue aims to publish original research articles and critical reviews on all aspects related to new advances in processing–microstructure–property relationships and the development of conventional and magnetic shape memory alloys, including biomedical materials, and high-entropy and high-temperature shape memory alloys.

We invite to this Special Issue submissions of manuscripts that address the following topics:

  • Material processing technology;
  • Thermodynamics and kinetics of martensitic transformation;
  • Thermo-mechanical treatment;
  • Characterization of functional properties;
  • Solid-state caloric cooling;
  • Functional degradation and fatigue.

Dr. Elena Panchenko
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • shape memory alloys
  • high-entropy alloys
  • phase transformation
  • additive manufacturing
  • elastocaloric effect
  • magnetocaloric effect
  • superelasticity
  • hysteresis
  • functional degradation

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 4735 KiB  
Article
Physical Factors Controlling Large Shape Memory Effect in FCC ↔ HCP Martensitic Transformation in CrMnFeCoNi High-Entropy-Alloy Single Crystals
by Irina V. Kireeva, Yuriy I. Chumlyakov, Anastasia A. Saraeva and Anna V. Vyrodova
Metals 2023, 13(10), 1755; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13101755 - 16 Oct 2023
Viewed by 807
Abstract
A study was carried out on the effect of the level of external stresses, σex, and test temperature on the shape memory effect (SME), governed by the FCC ↔ HCP martensitic transformation, in single crystals of the Cr20Mn20 [...] Read more.
A study was carried out on the effect of the level of external stresses, σex, and test temperature on the shape memory effect (SME), governed by the FCC ↔ HCP martensitic transformation, in single crystals of the Cr20Mn20Fe20Co34.5Ni5.5 (at.%) high-entropy alloy (HEA) along two different crystallographic orientations, i.e., [1¯23] and [011], under tensile strain. It was shown that the SME depends on the crystal orientation and the level of external stresses, σex, in the “cooling-heating” cycle under constant σex. In the “cooling-heating” cycle under constant σex, a maximum SME of 13.6 ± 0.2% was observed in [011]-oriented crystals at an external tensile stress of 150 MPa while in the [1¯23]-oriented crystals, a SME of 8.4 ± 0.2% was found under an external tensile stress of 170 MPa. In the “stress-strain” cycle, the maximum SME had similar values of 13–14% in studied orientations. General physical factors (the stress level of the FCC phase, short-range order, and change in the value of dislocation splitting in the external stress field) were established and ensured a large SME and its dependence on the crystal orientation in the Cr20Mn20Fe20Co34.5Ni5.5 HEA single crystals. For the studied orientations, a large SME in the FCC ↔ HCP MT was obtained for the first time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Metal Smart Materials)
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19 pages, 9683 KiB  
Article
Orientation Dependence of B19’-Martensite Reorientation Stress and Yield Stress in TiNi Single Crystals
by Elena Y. Panchenko, Anna S. Eftifeeva, Ilya D. Fatkullin, Anton I. Tagiltsev, Nikita Y. Surikov, Maria V. Zherdeva, Ekaterina E. Timofeeva and Yuriy I. Chumlyakov
Metals 2023, 13(9), 1567; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13091567 - 6 Sep 2023
Viewed by 879
Abstract
This paper deals with the effect of crystal orientation on the B19’-martensite reorientation stress and yield stress in compression in TiNi single crystals with different Ni contents varying from 50.4 to 51.2 at.%. It was experimentally shown that the martensite yield stress appears [...] Read more.
This paper deals with the effect of crystal orientation on the B19’-martensite reorientation stress and yield stress in compression in TiNi single crystals with different Ni contents varying from 50.4 to 51.2 at.%. It was experimentally shown that the martensite yield stress appears to be higher for the [111]B2-oriented single crystals than for the [001]B2-oriented single crystals regardless of Ni content. The difference between martensite yield stress for the two investigated orientations increases with the growth of Ni content. The maximum difference between martensite yield stress σcrM for two investigated orientations is 996 MPa at Ni content of 51.2 at.% (σcrM = 1023 MPa for the [001]B2-orientation and σcrM = 2019 MPa for the [111]B2-orientation). As a result of comparison with the B2-austenite yield stress, it was found that this is not an ordinary case. The [001]B2 orientation is a high-strength in B2-austenite and a low-strength in B19’-martensite. It was experimentally shown that the B19’-martensite reorientation stresses weakly depend on the orientation and chemical composition compared with the martensite yield stress. The reasons for the orientation dependence of the martensite yield stress in compression and the deformation mechanisms of B19’-martensite are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Metal Smart Materials)
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14 pages, 2988 KiB  
Article
Hydrogen’s Effect on the Shape Memory Effect of TiNi Alloy Single Crystals
by Irina V. Kireeva, Yuriy I. Chumlyakov, Liya P. Yakovleva and Anna V. Vyrodova
Metals 2023, 13(7), 1324; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13071324 - 24 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 933
Abstract
Hydrogen’s effect on the shape memory effect (SME) of [1¯17]-oriented Ti49.7-Ni50.3 (at.%) alloy single crystals, with a B2–B19′ martensitic transformation (MT), was studied after being electrolytically hydrogenated at a current density of 1500 A/m2 [...] Read more.
Hydrogen’s effect on the shape memory effect (SME) of [1¯17]-oriented Ti49.7-Ni50.3 (at.%) alloy single crystals, with a B2–B19′ martensitic transformation (MT), was studied after being electrolytically hydrogenated at a current density of 1500 A/m2 for 3 h at room temperature under isobaric tensile deformation. It was shown that, under the used hydrogenation regime, hydrogen was in a solid solution and lowered the elastic modulus of B19′ martensite. The hydrogen in a solid solution increased (i) the yield strength σ0.1 of the initial B2 phase by 100 MPa at Md temperature, (ii) the σ0.1 of the stress-induced B2–B19′ MT by 25 MPa at Ms temperature, and (iii) the plasticity of B19′ martensite relative to the hydrogen-free crystals. At the same level of external stresses, the SME in the hydrogenated crystals was greater than that in hydrogen-free crystals. At external tensile stresses σex = 200 MPa, the SME was 4.4 ± 0.2% in the hydrogenated crystals and 1.8 ± 0.2% without hydrogen. Hydrogen initiated a two-way SME of 0.5 ± 0.2% at σex = 0 MPa, which was absent in the hydrogen-free crystals. The physical reasons leading to an increase in the SME upon hydrogenation are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Metal Smart Materials)
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14 pages, 4426 KiB  
Article
Annealing Effect in Amorphous Fe-Co-B-Si-Nb According to Fe/Co Ratio
by Hyunsol Son, Jihye Park, Hyunkyung Lee and Haein Choi-Yim
Metals 2023, 13(4), 715; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13040715 - 5 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1072
Abstract
These days, electric motor qualities and energy-saving problems are significant to our society. The critical component of these problems is related to magnetic materials. In this respect, here, we investigated the (FexCo1−x)72B19.2Si4.8Nb [...] Read more.
These days, electric motor qualities and energy-saving problems are significant to our society. The critical component of these problems is related to magnetic materials. In this respect, here, we investigated the (FexCo1−x)72B19.2Si4.8Nb4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1, at 0.1 intervals) ribbon alloys’ structural, thermal, and magnetic properties. Replacing Co with Fe turned out to increase saturation magnetization up to 127.7 emu/g and improve thermal stability. Additionally, we conducted heat treatment at 843, 893, and 943 K for 10 mins, and the annealing effect in the amorphous (FexCo1−x)72B19.2Si4.8Nb4 (0.4 ≤ x ≤ 0.9, at 0.1 intervals) ribbons on structural and magnetic properties are analyzed. The saturated magnetization (Ms) value has increased by about 20 to 30 emu/g by the heat treatment and tends to increase as the annealing temperature increases until the annealing temperature approaches 893 K. After annealing at 943 K for 10 mins, the highest saturation magnetization of 156.8 emu/g was achieved. In addition, all four samples show the same coercivity trend. The coercivity decreases when the initial heat treatment at 843 K is applied to the ribbons. However, after annealing at this high temperature, such as 893, 943 K, the Fe3B, and (Fe, Co)23B6 phases are also generated and cancel out the good soft magnetic properties of α-(Fe, Co) phase. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Metal Smart Materials)
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