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Metabolites
Special Issues
Lipid Metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes 2023
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Lipid Metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes 2023

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology and Clinical Metabolic Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 19248

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hajnalka Lőrincz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Interests: lipid metabolism; high-density lipoprotein; atherosclerosis; paraoxonase-1; adipokine; hepatokine; organokine; diabetes; obesity; insulin resistance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mariann Harangi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Interests: lipid metabolism; familial hypercholesterolemia; inherited dyslipidemias; atherosclerosis; non-lipid effects of lipid lowering treatment; obesity; diabetes; adipokine; hepatokine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obesity is characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat, leading to a plethora of medical complications, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidemia. Enhanced atherogenesis and premature atherosclerosis, are also associated with the above-mentioned diseases and lead to early cardiovascular complications and increased mortality. Previously, harmful and beneficial effects of organokines, including adipokines, hepatokines and gut hormones, have been described in obesity and diabetes, especially in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation.

In this Special Issue, we warmly welcome review, clinical and original research articles studying lipid metabolism and/or organokine disturbances in the field of obesity; we also welcome papers addressing related complications such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis. Non-lipid effects of lipid-lowering and antidiabetic drugs in diabetes will also be covered in this Issue.

Dr. Hajnalka Lőrincz
Dr. Mariann Harangi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metabolites is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lipid metabolism
  • dyslipidemia
  • atherosclerosis
  • obesity
  • diabetes
  • adipokine
  • hepatokine
  • lipid-lowering treatment
  • antidiabetic drugs
  • oxidative stress

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 3082 KiB  
Article
Effects of Heat-Moisture-Treated High-Amylose Rice Flour on Body Weight, Lipid Metabolism, and Gut Microbiome Composition in Obese Rats
by Sihui Ma, Sae Takasugi, Masayoshi Sugawara, Kenji Saito, Huijuan Jia and Hisanori Kato
Metabolites 2023, 13(7), 858; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13070858 - 19 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1178
Abstract
The rising prevalence of lifestyle diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome, has increased the need for effective dietary interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat-moisture-treated high-amylose rice (HA-HMT) on body weight, lipid metabolism, and gut [...] Read more.
The rising prevalence of lifestyle diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome, has increased the need for effective dietary interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat-moisture-treated high-amylose rice (HA-HMT) on body weight, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiome composition in a rat model of obesity. Starch digestibility—specifically, resistant starch—has been shown to provide various health benefits, including improved metabolic health and gut microbiome composition. We employed a sequential approach: firstly, utilizing diet-induced obesity rat models fed with HMT-processed and HMT-non-processed low- or high-amylose rice to investigate the potential of amylose content or HMT to alter phenotypic characteristics and lipid metabolism; and secondly, using the optimal rice flour identified in the previous step to explore the underlying mechanisms. Our findings indicate that heat-moisture treatment, rather than the level of the amylose content of the rice, contributes to the observed anti-obesity and cholesterol-lowering effects. We identified candidate genes contributing to the cholesterol-regulating potential and demonstrated that HMT rice flour could influence the gut microbiome, particularly the Ruminococcus taxa. This study provides valuable insights into the health benefits of HA-HMT rice and supports its potential as a functional food ingredient in the management of obesity and cholesterol-related disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes 2023)
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13 pages, 879 KiB  
Article
Fatty Liver Index and Its Association with 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Insights from a Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in China
by Jing Zhou, Jing Fan, Xiaoyun Zhang, Lili You, Diaozhu Lin, Chulin Huang, Feng Li and Kan Sun
Metabolites 2023, 13(7), 850; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13070850 - 14 Jul 2023
Viewed by 928
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), a global public health concern. A total of 9044 out of 10,104 adults from Guangzhou, China, were included in the analysis. We utilized the [...] Read more.
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), a global public health concern. A total of 9044 out of 10,104 adults from Guangzhou, China, were included in the analysis. We utilized the fatty liver index (FLI), a noninvasive indicator of NAFLD, and the pooled cohort equations (PCE) based on the 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline, the China-PAR model, and the Framingham Risk Score to assess the 10-year ASCVD risk. The results demonstrated a significant association between FLI and 10-year ASCVD risk (p < 0.001). Adjusted for age, individuals with high FLI (≥60) had an odds ratio of 3.91 (95% CI 2.52–6.08) compared to those with low FLI (<30). These findings persisted after adjusting for metabolic indicators. Notably, this association was consistently observed across all three risk prediction models: the PCE model, the China-PAR model, and the Framingham Risk Score. In conclusion, our study provides evidence supporting FLI as a reliable indicator of increased 10-year ASCVD risk in Chinese NAFLD patients. FLI serves as a valuable marker for early detection of ASCVD, highlighting its potential in clinical practice for risk assessment and prevention strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes 2023)
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Review

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26 pages, 435 KiB  
Review
Gender-Related Factors in Medication Adherence for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health
by Vittorio Venditti, Enrico Bleve, Susanna Morano and Tiziana Filardi
Metabolites 2023, 13(10), 1087; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13101087 - 17 Oct 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2494
Abstract
This review explores the impact of gender on medication adherence in the context of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Optimal adherence to medication is crucial for achieving treatment goals and preventing adverse outcomes in chronic diseases. The review examines specific conditions such as type [...] Read more.
This review explores the impact of gender on medication adherence in the context of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Optimal adherence to medication is crucial for achieving treatment goals and preventing adverse outcomes in chronic diseases. The review examines specific conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and heart failure. In type 2 diabetes, female sex, younger age, new drug prescription, non-white ethnicity, low education level, and low income were identified as predictors of non-adherence. Depressive disorders were also found to influence adherence. In hypercholesterolemia, women exhibited poorer adherence to statin therapy compared to men, with statin-related side effects and patient perception being significant factors. Adherence to anti-hypertensive therapy showed conflicting results, with studies reporting both higher and lower adherence in women. Limited evidence suggests that women may have poorer adherence after acute myocardial infarction and stroke. Regarding heart failure, adherence studies have shown inconsistent findings. The reasons for gender differences in medication adherence are multifactorial and include sociodemographic, disease-related, treatment-related, and psychological factors. This review emphasizes the need for further research to better understand these differences and develop gender-customized interventions that can improve medication adherence and reduce the burden of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes 2023)
33 pages, 1012 KiB  
Review
The Role of Organokines in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes and Their Functions as Molecular Transducers of Nutrition and Exercise
by Ji Ye Lim and Eunju Kim
Metabolites 2023, 13(9), 979; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13090979 - 29 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2295
Abstract
Maintaining systemic homeostasis requires the coordination of different organs and tissues in the body. Our bodies rely on complex inter-organ communications to adapt to perturbations or changes in metabolic homeostasis. Consequently, the liver, muscle, and adipose tissues produce and secrete specific organokines such [...] Read more.
Maintaining systemic homeostasis requires the coordination of different organs and tissues in the body. Our bodies rely on complex inter-organ communications to adapt to perturbations or changes in metabolic homeostasis. Consequently, the liver, muscle, and adipose tissues produce and secrete specific organokines such as hepatokines, myokines, and adipokines in response to nutritional and environmental stimuli. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of the interplay of organokines between organs is associated with the pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Strategies aimed at remodeling organokines may be effective therapeutic interventions. Diet modification and exercise have been established as the first-line therapeutic intervention to prevent or treat metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on organokines secreted by the liver, muscle, and adipose tissues in obesity and T2D. Additionally, we highlighted the effects of diet/nutrition and exercise on the remodeling of organokines in obesity and T2D. Specifically, we investigated the ameliorative effects of caloric restriction, selective nutrients including ω3 PUFAs, selenium, vitamins, and metabolites of vitamins, and acute/chronic exercise on the dysregulation of organokines in obesity and T2D. Finally, this study dissected the underlying molecular mechanisms by which nutrition and exercise regulate the expression and secretion of organokines in specific tissues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes 2023)
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Other

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25 pages, 6393 KiB  
Perspective
Eat like a Pig to Combat Obesity
by Theo A. T. G. van Kempen and Ruurd T. Zijlstra
Metabolites 2023, 13(3), 420; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13030420 - 13 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 11178
Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic health issues are a growing human threat, with many theories regarding its causes. In swine, physiologically alike to humans, considerable knowledge on obesity mechanisms has been accumulated. Calorie counting is the basis for managing swine diets and applied with [...] Read more.
Obesity and related metabolic health issues are a growing human threat, with many theories regarding its causes. In swine, physiologically alike to humans, considerable knowledge on obesity mechanisms has been accumulated. Calorie counting is the basis for managing swine diets and applied with great accuracy. Epigenetic programing predisposes pigs to insulin insensitivity, but pigs seem to sense this insensitivity and consequently eat less, preventing obesity. Pigs naturally prefer to eat small breakfasts and large dinners. Deviating from this eating pattern or providing diets with a high glycemic burden can trigger obesity; however, pigs will restrict food intake to prevent serious obesity. Interestingly, in practice, problems with obesity are rarely seen, even when pigs are fed poorly timed diets similar to junk food, likely because swine diets are balanced for every nutrient. Indeed, feeding pigs diets deficient in micronutrients does trigger obesity. For humans, several micronutrient requirements have not been set officially, and diets optimized for all micronutrients are rarely provided. In conclusion, various obesity triggers are being debated for humans, which have been proven in swine. Obesity problems in pigs are nevertheless less excessive, likely because pigs recognize unhealthy eating practices and consequently reduce food intake to avoid serious complications. Finally, swine diets are normally balanced for all nutrients, which may be an important practice to prevent obesity, from which human health could greatly benefit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes 2023)
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