Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Therapy of Gynecologic and Breast Cancers

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Obstetrics and Gynecology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 2702

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Medicine School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: global oncology; cervical cancer; cancer equity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Medicine School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
2. Surgical Oncology Department I, Institute of Oncology “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu”, Bucharest, Romania
Interests: oncology; gynecologic cancer; breast cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Medicine School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: oncology; gynecologic cancer; breast cancer

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
1. Medicine School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
2. Surgical Oncology Department I, Institute of Oncology “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu”, Bucharest, Romania
Interests: oncology; gynecologic cancer; breast cancer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gynecologic cancers, which include ovarian, endometrial, cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancers, represent a significant burden in women's health worldwide. These malignancies are influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Advances in our understanding of hereditary syndromes such as BRCA mutations and Lynch syndrome have underscored the importance of genetic predisposition in the development of these cancers, paving the way for more personalized risk assessments and prevention strategies.

In this Special Issue, we invite manuscripts that explore recent developments in identifying biomarkers that offer insights into genetic susceptibility, tumor behavior, and patient outcomes. Contributions on imaging advancements, particularly those aiding in early detection and accurate staging, are also highly encouraged. Novel therapies, including targeted molecular treatments and anti-angiogenetic strategies, are reshaping the therapeutic landscape and provide exciting avenues for improved patient management. Furthermore, given the rapid evolution of immunotherapy, we welcome research detailing innovative immunotherapeutic approaches, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, which are demonstrating remarkable potential in managing both gynecologic and other solid tumors. In addition to these cutting-edge approaches, we are particularly interested in manuscripts discussing the advancements in radiotherapy and brachytherapy, which remain cornerstones of gynecologic cancer treatment. Improvements in precision radiotherapy techniques, as well as innovations in brachytherapy for cervical and endometrial cancers, are transforming patient outcomes and reducing treatment-related toxicity. Finally, we invite you to discuss advances in surgical resection and lymph node staging.

We also consider breast cancer within the scope of this issue, recognizing its shared genetic, hormonal, and etiological ties with gynecologic cancers. Submissions addressing advances in breast cancer diagnostics and treatments are encouraged, further expanding our collective understanding of cancers that predominantly affect women.

Through this Special Issue, we aim to offer a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in research, diagnosis, and treatment, fostering innovation and enhancing clinical practice in the field of gynecologic oncology.

Prof. Dr. Daniela-Cristina Stefan
Prof. Dr. Laurentiu Simion
Guest Editors

Dr. Vlad Rotaru
Dr. Elena Chitoran
Guest Editor Assistants

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Keywords

  • gynecologic cancer
  • breast cancer
  • biomarkers
  • novel therapies
  • personalized medicine
  • debulking surgery
  • molecular therapies
  • genetic predisposition
  • quality of life
  • patient-reported outcomes

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

31 pages, 537 KiB  
Review
A Minimally Invasive Treatment Approach for Early-Stage Uterine Cervical Cancer: The Impact of the LACC Trial and a Literature Review
by Elena-Mihaela Vrabie, Mihai-Adrian Eftimie, Irina Balescu, Camelia Diaconu and Nicolae Bacalbasa
Medicina 2025, 61(4), 620; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61040620 - 28 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Recent studies have supported the non-inferiority of the minimally invasive treatment approach over the open approach. However, they have also underlined its inferiority regarding its oncological results, while preserving the short-term benefits. The direct effects of these results were represented [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Recent studies have supported the non-inferiority of the minimally invasive treatment approach over the open approach. However, they have also underlined its inferiority regarding its oncological results, while preserving the short-term benefits. The direct effects of these results were represented by indication changes in international guidelines on the application of minimally invasive surgery for treating early-stage cervical cancer. Material and metods: Herein, a literature review, including studies between 1992 and 2017, was performed. Results: The results show that the studies published during this period supported the non-inferiority of the minimally invasive treatment approach for early-stage cervical cancer compared with the open approach. However, the studies included were unicentric, non-randomized and relied on a reduced number of patients. The results of the Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer [LACC] trial could not have been considered, since only studies published between 1992 and 2017 were included. This trial firmly supported the advantages of the minimally invasive approach in treating early-stage cervical cancer. The literature published after 2018 highlighted the necessity for new clinical studies, randomized and prospective ones, to cover the defects of this study and to verify (or not) its results. Conclusions: the studies published after 2018 mainly focused on the deficiencies of the LACC trial and also on developing new methods that could improve this surgical technique, thus enhancing the safety of the minimally invasive approach in treating early-stage cervical cancer. However, none of the included studies succeeded to provide enough evidence to oppose the results obtained in the LACC trial. Therefore, in order to clarify the state of this surgical approach, the results of three ongoing randomized clinical trials are expected. Full article
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14 pages, 343 KiB  
Review
Gynecological Insights into Lynch Syndrome—A Comprehensive Review of Cancer Screening and Prevention
by Elena Chitoran, Roxana-Elena Bohiltea, Vlad Rotaru, Cristiana-Elena Durdu, Madalina-Nicoleta Mitroiu and Laurentiu Simion
Medicina 2024, 60(12), 2013; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60122013 - 6 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Lynch syndrome, one of the most common genetic syndromes predisposing to cancer, is associated with a series of malignant conditions, among which the most frequent is colorectal cancer, but gynecologic cancers (especially endometrial) are also quite common. Despite the significant progress made in [...] Read more.
Lynch syndrome, one of the most common genetic syndromes predisposing to cancer, is associated with a series of malignant conditions, among which the most frequent is colorectal cancer, but gynecologic cancers (especially endometrial) are also quite common. Despite the significant progress made in understanding this condition over time, there are still aspects in managing this condition that have not demonstrated clear benefits. This article aims to summarize the recommendations of international societies and present the latest developments in managing Lynch syndrome, focusing on gynecologic cancer screening and possible prevention strategies. Advances in genetic testing procedures and discoveries related to the association between oncological pathology frequency and the affected pathogenic variant type will probably lead to personalized medicine focused on the individual patient in the coming years. Although various screening methods for gynecological cancers in patients with Lynch syndrome have been used over time, they have not shown significant survival benefits. This highlights the need for studying and implementing new screening and diagnostic methods, which have been under investigation in recent years and are mentioned in this article. Full article
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