Retinal and Macular Diseases: From Diagnosis to Therapy

Background and Objectives: Faricimab, the first bispecific antibody targeting VEGF-A and angiopoietin-2, has demonstrated durable efficacy in pivotal phase 3 trials for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME). Real-world data on treatment-naïve patients managed with fixed-interval maintenance protocols, particularly from South-Eastern Europe, remain limited. This pilot study evaluated 24-month outcomes of intravitreal faricimab in treatment-naïve nAMD and DME, using a standardized four-injection loading phase followed by fixed every-16-week (Q16W) maintenance. Materials and Methods: This study conducted a retrospective, observational, single-center pilot cohort study of 20 consecutive treatment-naïve eyes (9 nAMD, 11 DME). All patients received four monthly loading injections followed by a fixed every-16-week (Q16W) maintenance schedule, supplemented by discretionary additional injections for residual or recurrent disease activity (215 injections total; mean 10.75 ± 0.79 per patient; range 9–12). Primary outcomes were changes in central foveal thickness (CFT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA; Snellen lines with ETDRS letter equivalents) at months 4 and 24. Prespecified secondary analyses included bootstrap 95% confidence intervals, a linear mixed-effects model with a time × disease-group interaction, Bayesian credible intervals with weakly informative priors, false-discovery-rate (FDR) correction, and a minimum detectable effect-size analysis. Results: All 20 eyes completed 24-month follow-up. In nAMD, mean CFT decreased by 186.9 ± 71.9 µm (35.9%; bootstrap 95% CI 148.1–236.0; p < 0.001; d = 2.60), and BCVA improved by 3.89 ± 0.78 Snellen lines (~19 ETDRS letters; 95% CI 3.44–4.33; p < 0.001; d = 4.97). In DME, CFT decreased by 197.7 ± 65.7 µm (39.3%; 95% CI 162.5–237.3; p < 0.001; d = 3.01), and BCVA improved by 4.55 ± 1.04 lines (~23 ETDRS letters; 95% CI 4.00–5.09; p < 0.001; d = 4.39). All 20 eyes (100%) achieved ≥ 3 Snellen lines gain and ≥20% CFT reduction; 80% reached final BCVA ≥ 7 lines. A linear mixed-effects model showed a significant time effect (p < 0.001) but no time × group interaction (CFT p = 0.84; BCVA p = 0.51), indicating concordant trajectories across diseases. Bayesian analysis with weakly informative priors yielded posterior P(|d| > 0.8) ≥ 0.99 for all primary outcomes. After FDR correction, all pre-specified primary comparisons remained significant. The minimum detectable effect size with the realized sample sizes (Cohen’s d ≈ 0.66 combined, 1.07 nAMD, 0.94 DME at 80% power) was substantially below all observed effect sizes. No ocular or systemic adverse events were recorded. Conclusions: In this small, single-center, treatment-naïve pilot cohort, a fixed Q16W faricimab maintenance schedule with discretionary additional injections was associated with durable anatomical and functional improvements over 24 months in both nAMD and DME, with no adverse events recorded across 215 injections. Given the limited sample, these findings should be regarded as hypothesis-generating. The high responder rates likely reflect the cohort’s substantial baseline visual impairment (mean baseline BCVA ~20/120–20/200), which provides greater absolute capacity for measurable gain than in higher-acuity registration trial populations. These pilot data support fixed-interval faricimab as a logistically feasible candidate strategy in resource-constrained settings and should be confirmed in larger multicenter cohorts using standardized ETDRS acuity assessment. Full article