Peripheral Artery Disease in Thromboinflammation Era: Pathophysiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Implications

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 851

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Interests: peripheral artery disease; neurosonology; atherosclerosis; transcranial doppler; cerebral hemodynamic
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a significant and growing global health concern, affecting millions of individuals and contributing to severe morbidity and mortality. Over the years, research has expanded our understanding of PAD, revealing its complex interplay with thromboinflammatory mechanisms. The emergence of novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions has further shaped the landscape of PAD management, necessitating a dedicated exploration of these developments in the thromboinflammation era.

This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in PAD research, with a particular focus on its pathophysiological, clinical, and therapeutic implications in the context of thromboinflammation. By integrating multidisciplinary perspectives, this issue will serve as a platform to highlight innovative research, identify gaps in current knowledge, and propose future directions for improved patient outcomes.

Recent studies have underscored the pivotal role of thromboinflammatory processes in PAD progression and complications. Advances in molecular biology, imaging techniques, and targeted therapies have paved the way for a more refined understanding of disease mechanisms. This Special Issue will feature pioneering research that explores novel biomarkers, mechanistic insights, and interventional strategies, aiming to bridge the gap between basic science and clinical application.

We welcome high-quality contributions that present original research, comprehensive reviews, and insightful perspectives on PAD in the thromboinflammation era. Submissions should demonstrate rigorous scientific inquiry and offer significant contributions to the field. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Pathophysiological mechanisms linking thromboinflammation and PAD;
  • Novel diagnostic biomarkers and imaging advancements;
  • Innovative therapeutic approaches, including pharmacological and interventional strategies;
  • Clinical management and patient outcomes in the context of thromboinflammation.

We particularly encourage interdisciplinary studies that integrate cardiovascular, immunological, and molecular research to foster new therapeutic insights. All submissions will undergo a rigorous peer-review process to ensure the highest standards of scientific integrity and impact.

We look forward to receiving groundbreaking contributions that will shape the future of PAD research and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in this evolving field.

Dr. Giuseppe Miceli
Prof. Dr. Antonino Tuttolomondo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • thromboinflammation
  • peripheral artery disease
  • atherosclerosis
  • acute limb ischemia

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 445 KB  
Article
Decreased Serum Antibodies Against Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels Are Associated with Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis
by Chih-Hsien Wang, Liang-Te Chiu, Yu-Hsien Lai, I-Min Su and Bang-Gee Hsu
Medicina 2026, 62(4), 691; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina62040691 - 3 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is highly prevalent in patients with end-stage renal disease and is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Although the ankle–brachial index (ABI) is widely used to identify PAD, it may not fully reflect the complex vascular [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is highly prevalent in patients with end-stage renal disease and is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Although the ankle–brachial index (ABI) is widely used to identify PAD, it may not fully reflect the complex vascular pathophysiology in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (anti-oxLDL Ab) have been implicated in atherogenesis; however, their clinical relevance in PD populations remains unclear. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional investigation, 90 patients receiving maintenance PD were included. PAD was defined by an ABI below 0.90, and serum anti-oxLDL antibody concentrations were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Patients with PAD were older (p = 0.006), had a higher prevalence of diabetes (p = 0.010), and exhibited higher levels of triglycerides (p = 0.008), fasting glucose (p < 0.001), and C-reactive protein (CRP, p < 0.001), but lower anti-oxLDL Ab levels (p = 0.008). Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that reduced anti-oxLDL Ab levels (per 10 mU/mL increase, odds ratio [OR]: 0.803, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.648–0.995, p = 0.045) and increased CRP levels (per 0.1 mg/dL increase, OR: 1.662, 95% CI: 1.152–2.398, p = 0.007) were independently associated with PAD, with consistent results across penalized regression models. Log-transformed anti-oxLDL Ab levels were positively correlated with both left and right ABI values (p = 0.005 and p = 0.017, respectively). Decision curve analysis indicated that the anti-oxLDL Ab-based model provided greater net benefit compared with the treat-all and treat-none strategies across a range of threshold probabilities. Conclusions: Reduced serum anti-oxLDL Ab levels are independently associated with PAD in patients undergoing PD. Serum anti-oxLDL Ab levels are positively associated with ABI values. These findings suggest that impaired immunity against oxidized LDL may contribute to vascular disease in PD patients. Full article
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