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Medicina
Special Issues
Breakthroughs in Clinical Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolic Diseases
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Breakthroughs in Clinical Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolic Diseases

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 21311

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yuzuru Ohshiro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medcine, Omoromachi Medical Center, Naha City 900-0011, Okinawa, Japan
Interests: diabetes; metabolic diseases; endocrinology; chronic kidney disease; diabetic nephropathy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Kunimasa Yagi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa 920-0293, Japan
Interests: diabetes; lipoprotein metabolism; diabetic cardiovascular complications; diabetes treatment and education with ICT devices
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yasuhiro Maeno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
2. Diabetes & Endocrinology Department, National Hospital Organization Higashiohmi General Medical Center, Higashiohmi, Japan
Interests: diabetes; metabolism; diabetic vascular complications; diabetes treatment in the elderly
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diabetes, obesity, and metabolic diseases continue to pose significant global health challenges, driving the need for groundbreaking therapeutic strategies.

Recent years have seen remarkable breakthroughs in the development of novel drugs, including weekly insulin, dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonists, and triple agonists targeting GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors, as well as the emergence of oral GLP-1 receptor agonists. Additionally, advancements in medical technology are revolutionizing treatment approaches, offering new possibilities for managing these conditions more effectively.

Furthermore, precision medicine is playing an increasingly vital role in tailoring treatments based on individual patient characteristics, optimizing therapeutic outcomes.

In light of these exciting developments, we are pleased to introduce this Special Issue, entitled “Breakthroughs in Clinical Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolic Diseases”. We invite researchers and clinicians to contribute original studies, reviews, and case reports exploring the latest advancements in pharmacotherapy, precision medicine, and innovative technologies. We also highly encourage the submission of real-world data demonstrating clinical efficacy and practical applications.

We look forward to receiving your valuable contributions, which will help to shape the future of diabetes, obesity, and metabolic disease management.

Dr. Yuzuru Ohshiro
Prof. Dr. Kunimasa Yagi
Dr. Yasuhiro Maeno
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diabetes
  • obesity
  • metabolic diseases
  • new medicines
  • therapeutic innovations
  • precision medicine
  • advanced technology
  • weekly insulin
  • GLP-1 receptor agonists
  • real-world data

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 617 KB  
Article
Undiagnosed Diabetes and Prediabetes in Yemen: A Growing Public Health Crisis in the Shadow of Conflict
by Mohammed A. M. Y. Al-Hetar, Siti Liyana Saud Gany, Noradliyanti Rusli, Mohd Amir Kamaruzzaman, Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah, Shamsul Azhar Shah, Abdullah Almatary and Norasyikin A. Wahab
Medicina 2026, 62(1), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina62010087 - 31 Dec 2025
Viewed by 1070
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing in prevalence worldwide, placing a substantial burden on healthcare systems, particularly in resource-limited settings. In Yemen, limited screening and diagnostic capacity contribute to delayed detection and management. Prediabetes, a reversible state of dysglycemia, [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing in prevalence worldwide, placing a substantial burden on healthcare systems, particularly in resource-limited settings. In Yemen, limited screening and diagnostic capacity contribute to delayed detection and management. Prediabetes, a reversible state of dysglycemia, carries significant cardiovascular risk and frequently progresses to diabetes. Early identification of both conditions is vital for prevention and public health planning. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted from July 2024 to May 2025 in three medical centers in Ibb Governorate, Yemen, assessed 1045 adults aged 18–60 years without known diabetes or prediabetes. Glycaemic status was classified according to the 2025 American Diabetes Association criteria. Undiagnosed diabetes was defined using three diagnostic combinations: FBS + OGTT, FBS + HbA1c, and OGTT + HbA1c. Results: The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 8.4% (FBS + OGTT) and 9.76% (FBS + HbA1c or OGTT + HbA1c). Prediabetes prevalence was 23.4%, 14.7% and 26.4% based on FBS, OGTT, and HbA1c, respectively. Females represented a higher proportion of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes cases. Age was significantly associated with glycemic status across all tests, while gender showed significant associations with FBS and HbA1c. Family history of chronic disease was significantly associated with HbA1c-based classification. Approximately 8–10% of adults in Ibb had undiagnosed diabetes, while up to one-quarter had prediabetes. Age and family history were key predictors of dysglycaemia. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for targeted, multi-marker screening and early intervention strategies, particularly in relatively stable regions of conflict-affected settings, to prevent progression to diabetes and reduce long-term complications and healthcare burden. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breakthroughs in Clinical Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolic Diseases)
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18 pages, 665 KB  
Article
The Effects of 8-Week Hydrogen-Rich Water Consumption on Appetite, Body Composition, Sleep Quality, and Circulating Glucagon-like Peptide-1 in Obese Men and Women (HYDRAPPET): A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Nikola Todorovic, Sonja Baltic, David Nedeljkovic, Jovan Kuzmanovic, Darinka Korovljev, Dejan Javorac, Katarina Bijelic, Nebojsa Kladar, Alex Tarnava and Sergej M. Ostojic
Medicina 2025, 61(7), 1299; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071299 - 18 Jul 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 11532
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Preliminary studies indicate that dihydrogen (H2) may affect molecular pathways involved in appetite regulation; however, its role in influencing patient-reported appetite outcomes in individuals with obesity remains uncertain. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial aimed to evaluate the effects [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Preliminary studies indicate that dihydrogen (H2) may affect molecular pathways involved in appetite regulation; however, its role in influencing patient-reported appetite outcomes in individuals with obesity remains uncertain. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial aimed to evaluate the effects of H2 supplementation on appetite, body composition, sleep quality, obesity-specific quality of life, and related biomarkers in obese men and women. Materials and Methods: The study included 36 participants (24 females; age 42.1 ± 13.2 years; BMI 30.8 ± 4.2 kg/m2) randomized to receive either 1.0 L of hydrogen-rich water (15 mg of H2) or 1.0 L of control water (0 mg of H2) daily for eight weeks. Results: The results demonstrated that hydrogen-rich water significantly mitigated cravings (p = 0.05), improved subjective sleep quality (p = 0.05), reduced total cholesterol (p = 0.02) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.04), and increased plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 levels (p = 0.05) compared to the control. No severe adverse effects were reported throughout the trial. Conclusions: These findings suggest that hydrogen-rich water may serve as a safe and effective dietary strategy to address appetite regulation and related metabolic indices in individuals with obesity. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06722326). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breakthroughs in Clinical Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolic Diseases)
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Review

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19 pages, 335 KB  
Review
The Emerging Role of Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)-Based Medications in the Treatment of Heart Failure, with a Focus on Heart Failure with Preserved or Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction
by Rachel Su Min Lee, Jas-mine Seah, Sara Baqar, Piyush M. Srivastava, Eylem Levelt, Angeline S. Leet, Andrew I. MacIsaac, Elif I. Ekinci and Richard J. MacIsaac
Medicina 2026, 62(5), 870; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina62050870 - 1 May 2026
Viewed by 591
Abstract
Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)-based medications have been extensively studied for the management of type 2 diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. More recently, their potential role in preventing and treating heart failure has gained increasing attention. Given the strong pathophysiological [...] Read more.
Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)-based medications have been extensively studied for the management of type 2 diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. More recently, their potential role in preventing and treating heart failure has gained increasing attention. Given the strong pathophysiological links among diabetes, obesity, and heart failure, GLP-1-based medications represent a promising therapeutic option to improve morbidity and mortality across these interconnected conditions. In this review, we summarise and discuss recent studies involving GLP-1-based medications that have reported on HF-related outcomes. There is increasing evidence that these medications have beneficial effects on HF outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and possibly in those with mildly reduced ejection fraction. The usefulness of GLP-1-based medications in reduced ejection fraction HF remains to be defined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breakthroughs in Clinical Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolic Diseases)
21 pages, 414 KB  
Review
Small-Molecule GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Promising Pharmacological Approach
by Oana Cristina Șeremet, Ciprian Pușcașu, Corina Andrei, Georgiana Nițulescu, Cristina Elena Zbârcea and Octavian Tudorel Olaru
Medicina 2025, 61(11), 1902; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61111902 - 23 Oct 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 7265
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are injectable peptide-based therapies that have become a focal point in the medical community due to their significant therapeutic efficacy in type 2 diabetes and obesity treatment. Recent advancements in medicinal chemistry have enabled the development of small-molecule [...] Read more.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are injectable peptide-based therapies that have become a focal point in the medical community due to their significant therapeutic efficacy in type 2 diabetes and obesity treatment. Recent advancements in medicinal chemistry have enabled the development of small-molecule GLP-1R agonists, presenting advantages such as oral administration, improved patient adherence, and cost-effectiveness. These compounds demonstrate promising efficacy in enhancing insulin secretion and promoting weight loss, in a similar way to peptide agonists. This narrative review focuses on the pharmacodynamic profiles and the current progress in clinical and preclinical research on small-molecule GLP-1R agonists. As this class of agents continues to evolve, it represents a compelling therapeutic alternative with the potential to reshape the treatment for metabolic disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breakthroughs in Clinical Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolic Diseases)
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