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Medicina
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Update on Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases (3rd Edition)
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Update on Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases (3rd Edition)

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Surgery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2026) | Viewed by 810

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Do Hyun Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
Interests: skull base surgery; atrophic rhinitis; allergic rhinitis; rhinosinusitis; stem cell; organoid
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Se Hwan Hwang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
Interests: rhinology; facial reconstruction; meta-analysis; microfluidics; stem cell
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

We are pleased to announce the upcoming publication of the 3rd edition of the Special Issue titled "Update on Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases" in Medicina.

This Special Issue aims to provide an up-to-date overview of key developments, emerging trends, and innovative approaches in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases within the field of otorhinolaryngology. We invite original research articles, comprehensive reviews, and clinical studies that contribute to advancing knowledge and clinical practice in this rapidly evolving specialty. 

The aim of this Special Issue is to deliver novel insights into otorhinolaryngologic diseases.

Dr. Do Hyun Kim
Prof. Dr. Se Hwan Hwang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • general otorhinolaryngology
  • otology
  • laryngology
  • rhinology
  • head and neck surgery

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 821 KB  
Article
Inflammatory Endotypes of Chronic Adenoiditis and Their Impact on Persistent Middle Ear Dysfunction: A 2-Year Retrospective Translational Study Integrating Clustering and Machine Learning Approaches
by Diana Szekely, Flavia Zara, Raul Patrascu, Cristina Stefania Dumitru, Alina Cristina Barb, Dorin Novacescu, Alexia Manole, Dan Iovanescu and Gheorghe Iovanescu
Medicina 2026, 62(3), 537; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina62030537 - 13 Mar 2026
Viewed by 523
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Chronic adenoiditis is a major contributor to persistent middle ear dysfunction (PMED) in children; however, clinical evolution varies considerably despite similar anatomical obstruction. This study aimed to identify inflammatory endotypes of chronic adenoiditis using unsupervised clustering and to evaluate [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Chronic adenoiditis is a major contributor to persistent middle ear dysfunction (PMED) in children; however, clinical evolution varies considerably despite similar anatomical obstruction. This study aimed to identify inflammatory endotypes of chronic adenoiditis using unsupervised clustering and to evaluate their association with PMED through mechanistic and predictive modeling. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort of 236 children (3–12 years) with chronic adenoiditis and otitis media with effusion was analyzed. Clinical, endoscopic, audiological, and hematologic inflammatory parameters (eosinophils, NLR, ELR, CRP, IgE) were included. K-means clustering identified inflammatory endotypes. Associations with PMED at six months were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression and mediation analysis. Predictive performance was compared using logistic regression, random forest, and gradient boosting models, with SHAP-based interpretability and decision curve analysis. Results: Three distinct endotypes were identified: eosinophilic (28%), neutrophilic (41%), and fibrotic–obstructive (31%). PMED occurred in 44% of the fibrotic endotype compared with 22% in the eosinophilic group (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the fibrotic endotype independently predicted PMED (OR = 3.48, 95% CI 1.92–6.31), alongside PTA > 30 dB (OR = 2.91) and NLR > 3.5 (OR = 2.36). Mediation analysis showed that hearing impairment accounted for 34% of the effect of anatomical obstruction on persistence. Gradient boosting achieved superior discrimination (AUC = 0.90) and demonstrated the highest net clinical benefit. Conclusions: Chronic adenoiditis comprises biologically distinct inflammatory endotypes with differential risk of persistent middle ear dysfunction. Integrating inflammatory profiling with machine learning enhances mechanistic understanding and risk stratification, supporting precision-based management in pediatric otorhinolaryngology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update on Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases (3rd Edition))
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