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Medicina
Special Issues
Diagnosis and Treatment of Pituitary Neoplasms
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Pituitary Neoplasms

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 7110

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hua Gao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
Interests: basic and clinical study in skull-base tumors
Prof. Dr. Zhipeng Su

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
Interests: the drug-resistance study of prolactinoma

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pituitary neoplasm refers to a family of benign neuroendocrine neoplasms arising from the anterior lobe (adenohypophyseal) to the posterior lobe (neurohypophyseal). Pituitary neoplasm accounts for 10–15% of intracranial tumors. Pituitary neoplasm is a highly incident disease, with hormone-secreting and incidental lesions representing the majority of tumors. Incidence rates and asymptomatic detection appear to be increasing over time. Treatment strategies vary widely and include active surveillance, medications, radiotherapy, and an array of surgical options. Except for lactotroph adenomas, the initial therapy for patients with pituitary neoplasms is generally transsphenoidal surgery while medical therapy is reserved for those with unfavorable surgical outcomes. About 35% of pituitary neoplasm invades the sphenoid bone or cavernous sinus, which are the major factors influencing the resectability. The remission rate is only 40–66% in macroadenomas, while it is more than 85% in microadenomas. Chromosomal mutations, whole-exome sequencing, microRNA genomics, methylomics, and transcriptomics have improved our insight into the pathogenesis of pituitary neoplasm. Furthermore, multi-omics analysis combined with various genomic panels may help basic investigators, physiologists, clinical adult and pediatric endocrinologists, neurosurgeons, and reproductive endocrinologists to better understand the tumorigenesis, drug sensitivity/resistance, and radiation sensitivity/resistance.

This Special Issue is designed to publish original, high-quality research in both basic and pituitary function as well as clinical pituitary disease. The Special Issue is directed at basic investigators, physiologists, clinical adult and pediatric endocrinologists, neurosurgeons, and reproductive endocrinologists interested in the broad field of the pituitary gland and its disorders.

The Special Issue considers:

  • Biology of pituitary neoplasm;
  • Clinical article of pituitary neoplasm;
  • Case report;
  • Mechanisms of pituitary hormone secretion;
  • Mechanisms of drug sensitive/resistance;
  • Omics research of pituitary neoplasm.

Prof. Dr. Hua Gao
Prof. Dr. Zhipeng Su
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pituitary neoplasms
  • pathogenic mechanism
  • molecular marker

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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13 pages, 3563 KiB  
Article
A Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Radiomics and Clinical Predictive Model for the Regrowth of Postoperative Residual Tumor in Non-Functioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor
by Chaodong Shen, Xiaoyan Liu, Jinghao Jin, Cheng Han, Lihao Wu, Zerui Wu, Zhipeng Su and Xiaofang Chen
Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1525; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091525 - 23 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1859
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To develop a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics–clinical risk stratification model to predict the regrowth of postoperative residual tumors in patients with non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PitNETs). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 114 patients diagnosed as [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: To develop a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics–clinical risk stratification model to predict the regrowth of postoperative residual tumors in patients with non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PitNETs). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 114 patients diagnosed as NF-PitNET with postoperative residual tumors after the first operation, and the diameter of the tumors was greater than 10 mm. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify independent clinical risk factors. We identified the optimal sequence to generate an appropriate radiomic score (Rscore) that combined pre- and postoperative radiomic features. Three models were established by logistic regression analysis that combined clinical risk factors and radiomic features (Model 1), single clinical risk factors (Model 2) and single radiomic features (Model 3). The models’ predictive performances were evaluated using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and area under curve (AUC) values. A nomogram was developed and evaluated using decision curve analysis. Results: Knosp classification and preoperative tumor volume doubling time (TVDT) were high-risk factors (p < 0.05) with odds ratios (ORs) of 2.255 and 0.173. T1WI&T1CE had a higher AUC value (0.954) and generated an Rscore. Ultimately, the AUC of Model 1 {0.929 [95% Confidence interval (CI), 0.865–0.993]} was superior to Model 2 [0.811 (95% CI, 0.704–0.918)] and Model 3 [0.844 (95% CI, 0.748–0.941)] in the training set, which were 0.882 (95% CI, 0.735–1.000), 0.834 (95% CI, 0.676–0.992) and 0.763 (95% CI, 0.569–0.958) in the test set, respectively. Conclusions: We trained a novel radiomics–clinical predictive model for identifying patients with NF-PitNETs at increased risk of postoperative residual tumor regrowth. This model may help optimize individualized and stratified clinical treatment decisions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Pituitary Neoplasms)
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15 pages, 12773 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Prognostic and Immunological Role of HSPB1 in Pituitary Adenoma: A Potential Target for Therapy
by Sida Zhao, Bin Li, Yiyuan Chen, Chuzhong Li and Yazhuo Zhang
Medicina 2023, 59(5), 885; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050885 - 5 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2486
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The diagnosis and treatment of pituitary adenomas with cavernous sinus invasion pose significant challenges for clinicians. The objective of this study is to investigate the expression profile and prognostic value of HSPB1 (heat shock protein beta-1) in pituitary adenomas [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: The diagnosis and treatment of pituitary adenomas with cavernous sinus invasion pose significant challenges for clinicians. The objective of this study is to investigate the expression profile and prognostic value of HSPB1 (heat shock protein beta-1) in pituitary adenomas with invasive and non-invasive features. Additionally, we aim to explore the potential relationship between HSPB1 expression and immunological functions in pituitary adenoma. Materials and Methods: A total of 159 pituitary adenoma specimens (73 invasive tumours and 86 non-invasive tumours) underwent whole-transcriptome sequencing. Differentially expressed genes and pathways in invasive and non-invasive tumours were analysed. HSPB1 was subjected to adequate bioinformatics analysis using various databases such as TIMER, Xiantao and TISIDB. We investigated the correlation between HSPB1 expression and immune infiltration in cancers and predicted the target drug of HSPB1 using the TISIDB database. Results: HSPB1 expression was upregulated in invasive pituitary adenomas and affected immune cell infiltration. HSPB1 was significantly highly expressed in most tumours compared to normal tissues. High expression of HSPB1 was significantly associated with poorer overall survival. HSPB1 was involved in the regulation of the immune system in most cancers. The drugs DB11638, DB06094 and DB12695 could act as inhibitors of HSPB1. Conclusions: HSPB1 may serve as an important marker for invasive pituitary adenomas and promote tumour progression by modulating the immune system. Inhibitors of HSPB1 expression are currently available, making it a potential target for therapy in invasive pituitary adenoma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Pituitary Neoplasms)
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11 pages, 3964 KiB  
Article
Expression and Clinical Significance of MDM2 in Non-Functioning PitNETs
by Xiaohui Yao, Qian Liu, Sida Zhao, Rui Cheng, Chunhui Liu and Gangli Zhang
Medicina 2023, 59(2), 373; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020373 - 15 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2043
Abstract
Background and Objective: Non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PitNETs) represent a heterogeneous tumor type that lacks effective medical treatment. MDM2, the main negative regulator of p53, binds to and forms a stable complex with p53 to regulate its activity. In this study, we [...] Read more.
Background and Objective: Non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PitNETs) represent a heterogeneous tumor type that lacks effective medical treatment. MDM2, the main negative regulator of p53, binds to and forms a stable complex with p53 to regulate its activity. In this study, we measured the expression levels and role of MDM2 in non-functioning PitNET patients’ combined clinical features and investigated the effect of etoposide on the cell bioactivity of the GT1-1 cell line in vivo and in vitro. Methods: RT-PCR and immunochemistry measured the expression levels and role of MDM2 in 103 NF-PitNET patients’ combined clinical features. Cell proliferation, migration, colony and apoptosis experiments measured the effect of etoposide on the GT1-1 cell line in vivo and in vitro. Results: There was more invasive behavior (p = 0.013) in patients with high MDM2, who were also younger (p = 0.007), were more frequently female (p = 0.049) and had larger tumor sizes (p = 0.018) compared with patients with low MDM2. Patients with high p53 were younger (p = 0.017) and had larger tumor sizes (p = 0.034) compared with patients with low p53. Univariate (p = 0.018) and multivariate (p = 0.023) Cox regression analysis showed that MDM2 was the independent factor for invasive behavior in NF-PitNET patients. Log-rank analysis showed that the average progression-free survival (PFS) time in the low MDM2 patients was longer than that in the high MDM2 patients (p = 0.044). Functional studies indicated that etoposide inhibited cell proliferation and cell migration and induced apoptosis in p53 independence in GT1-1 cells. Furthermore, etoposide significantly inhibited the growth of GT1-1-xenograft in BALB/c nude mice. The tumor growth inhibition rate of etoposide was 67.4 ± 4.6% after 14 d of treatment, which suggested the anti-tumor activity of etoposide. Conclusions: MDM2 played the role of tumorigenesis of NF-PitNET in a p53 independence manner, and an MDM2 inhibitor could be a potential choice for the treatment of NF-PitNET patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Pituitary Neoplasms)
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