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Advances in Synthesis and Characterization of Dielectric Ceramics

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2023) | Viewed by 3626

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Dr. Shaojun Liu

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Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
Interests: synthesis, characterization, and properties of high-Q microwave dielectrics; lead-free piezoelectrics; powder metallurgy with focus on additive manufacturing; materials for cultural heritage conservation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Several technological breakthroughs would not have been possible without significant advances in ceramic materials. Some of the most exciting developments have been in the design and synthesis of new ceramics. High dielectric-constant ceramics with ultra-low dielectric loss and high temperature stability are critical to the miniaturization of microwave communication systems, both for the terminals and base-stations, as well as for handsets. Piezoelectric ceramics become indispensable components in atomic-force microscopy, medical ultrasound technology, and autofocus cameras. One of the significant features in basic research in ceramics is to focus on the relationship between the fabrication, structure, properties, and performance of ceramics based on chemical synthesis and processing science, classic solid state theory, and advanced materials characterization techniques combined with computational modeling. Especially, understanding the nature and origin of structure and its influence on properties is the central topic of developing new dielectric ceramics, which depends on the design of new materials, the understanding of the relationship between the structure at the atomic level and physical phenomena, the materials processing science, the novel fabricating methods of dielectric ceramics with microscopic-to-macroscopic length scale, and the characterization of complex microstructures. Processing science of powder-based dielectric ceramics has been the mainstream of modern ceramics manufacturing technology, but thin film device processing and macroscopic (e.g., solid free-form) fabrication are increasingly important.

In this Special Issue, in addition to the synthesis and manufacturing technology of dielectric ceramics and thin films, we welcome papers that focus on the characterization of structural defects, surfaces, interfaces, and grain boundaries of dielectric ceramics with an emphasis on the atomic-level structure of ceramics.

Dr. Shaojun Liu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

dielectric ceramics
microwave ceramics
piezoelectricity
ferroelectricity
electro-optic ceramics
dielctric ceramic additive manufacturing
dielectric ceramic injection molding

Published Papers (3 papers)

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16 pages, 5755 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Network-Structured BST/MBO Composites Made from Core-Shell-Structured Granulates

by Kevin Häuser, Zhiren Zhou, Prannoy Agrawal, Rolf Jakoby, Holger Maune and Joachim R. Binder

Materials 2023, 16(2), 710; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16020710 - 11 Jan 2023

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Abstract

A finite element method (FEM)-based simulation approach to predict the tunability in composite materials was developed and tested with analytical data. These tests showed good prediction capabilities of the simulation for the test data. The simulation model was then used to predict the tunability of a network-structured composite, where the dielectric phase formed clusters in a paraelectric network. This was achieved by simulating a reciprocal core-shell unit cell of said network. The simulation showed a high tunability for this network model, exceeding the tunability of the analytically evaluated layered, columnar, and particulate model. The simulation results were experimentally verified with a Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃/Mg₃B₂O₆ (BST/MBO) composite, where core-shell granulates were made with a two-step granulation process. These structured samples showed higher tunability and dielectric loss than the unstructured samples made for comparison. Overall, the structured samples showed higher tunability to loss ratios, indicating their potential for use in tunable radio frequency applications, since they may combine high performance with little energy loss. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Synthesis and Characterization of Dielectric Ceramics)

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14 pages, 4114 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Magnetic and Electrical Characteristics of Nd³⁺-Doped Lead Molybdato-Tungstate Single Crystals

by Bogdan Sawicki, Elżbieta Tomaszewicz, Tadeusz Groń, Monika Oboz, Joachim Kusz and Marek Berkowski

Materials 2023, 16(2), 620; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16020620 - 09 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 938

Abstract

Single crystals of Pb_1−3x▯_xNd_2x(MoO₄)_1−3x(WO₄)_3x (PNMWO) with scheelite-type structure, where ▯ denotes cationic vacancies, have been successfully grown by the Czochralski method in air and under 1 MPa. This paper presents the results of structural, optical, magnetic and electrical, as well as the broadband dielectric spectroscopy measurements of PNMWO single crystals. Research has shown that replacing diamagnetic Pb²⁺ ions with paramagnetic Nd³⁺ ones, with a content not exceeding 0.01 and possessing a screened 4f-shell, revealed a significant effect of orbital diamagnetism and Van Vleck’s paramagnetism, n-type electrical conductivity with an activation energy of 0.7 eV in the intrinsic area, a strong increase of the power factor above room temperature for a crystal with x = 0.005, constant dielectric value (~30) and loss tangent (~0.01) up to room temperature. The Fermi energy (~0.04 eV) and the Fermi temperature (~500 K) determined from the diffusion component of thermopower showed shallow donor levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Synthesis and Characterization of Dielectric Ceramics)

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13 pages, 3668 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cation Valences and Multiferroic Properties of EuTiO₃ Co-Doped with Ba and Transition Metals of Co/Ni

by Tzu-Chiao Lin and Xiaoding Qi

Materials 2022, 15(19), 6652; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15196652 - 25 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1205

Abstract

Eu_1−xBa_xTi_1−yM_yO₃ (M = Co or Ni) was sintered at 1400 °C under a reduction atmosphere. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the mixed valences of Eu²⁺/Eu³⁺ and Ti⁴⁺/Ti³⁺ in EuTiO₃ and Eu_0.7Ba_0.3TiO₃, as well as some oxygen vacancies required to keep the charge neutrality. The co-doping of Co²⁺/Ni²⁺ in Eu_0.7Ba_0.3TiO₃ resulted in the disappearance of oxygen vacancies, as a result of a reduction in Ti³⁺ numbers and an increase in Eu³⁺ numbers. On the other hand, Ba²⁺ doping led to an increased lattice parameter due to its larger ionic size than Eu²⁺, whereas the Co²⁺/Ni²⁺ co-doping resulted in smaller lattice parameters because of the combined effects of ionic size and variation in the oxygen-vacancy numbers. Eu_0.7Ba_0.3TiO₃ exhibited a clear ferroelectricity, which persisted in the Co²⁺/Ni²⁺ co-doped samples until the doping levels of y = 0.05 and 0.10, respectively. Eu_0.7Ba_0.3TiO₃ remained to be antiferromagnetic with a reduced transition temperature of 3.1 K, but co-doping of Co²⁺/Ni²⁺ turned the samples from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic with transition temperatures of 2.98 K and 2.72 K, respectively. The cause for such a transition could not be explained by the larger lattice volume, oxygen vacancies and mixed valences of Eu²⁺/Eu³⁺, which were proposed in previous works. Instead, it was more likely to arise from a large asymmetric distortion of the Eu–O polyhedron introduced by the aliovalent doping, which promotes the admixture of Eu 5d and 4f states. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Synthesis and Characterization of Dielectric Ceramics)

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