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Advanced Smart Biomaterials and Techniques for Oral, Hard Tissue Engineering and Regeneration

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 March 2023) | Viewed by 4814

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Prof. Dr. Klaus Wilhelm Grätz

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Guest Editor

Clinic of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Plattenstr. 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
Interests: aesthetic surgery; oral surgery; maxillofacial surgery

Dr. Thomas H. Gander

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Guest Editor

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Zürich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
Interests: patient specific implants; orbit reconstruction; intraoperative imaging; CAD/CAM

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Patient-specific regeneration has become a major issue in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction. Advances in computer-assisted surgery and developments in the field of biomaterials open up new possibilities. Patient-specific implants manufactured by individual milling procedures and laser sintering techniques play a central role in the regeneration of oral hard tissue, allowing the precise transmission of preoperative planning in the operating room. Both macro- and microarchitecture influence the regenerative potential of biomaterials. Technical improvements in 3D printing enable the manufacturing of custom-made bone grafts with the integration of bioactive microarchitecture, as shown in the literature. The transmission of basic research into everyday life is ongoing.

In the past, numerous techniques and materials to improve hard tissue regeneration in oral and maxillofacial surgery have been applied. Both the use of patient-specific techniques and the application of bioactive-coated alloplastic materials to improve biointregration seem to be promising. In order to allow minimally invasive procedures, attempts to use materials with specific characteristics (e.g., shape memory alloys) have been made. The field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, but also that of periodontal regeneration and implant dentistry, will benefit in the near future from these developments. Functional and aesthetic reconstruction with minimal harm should be the goal of reconstructive surgery.

The aim of this Special Issue is to update and summarize the available evidence of the beneficial effects of computer-assisted design and manufacturing as well as biomaterials on oral hard tissue engineering and regeneration in maxillofacial defects and atrophies.

We especially welcome interventional studies aiming to improve our knowledge of the effectiveness of computer-assisted design and manufacturing, the application of patient-specific solutions, and new biomaterials in oral and maxillofacial hard tissue reconstruction. Review studies including those that use conceptual frameworks for any of the aforementioned topics will also be welcomed.

It is my pleasure to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Klaus Wilhelm Grätz
Dr. Thomas H. Gande
Guest Editors

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Keywords

biomaterials
computer-assisted design and manufacturing
bone regeneration
coating
bioactive
growth factors
patient-specific implants

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2656 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Epithelial Biological Response to Machined Titanium vs. PVD Zirconium-Coated Titanium: An In Vitro Study

by Lucia Memè, Davide Sartini, Valentina Pozzi, Monica Emanuelli, Enrico M. Strappa, Paolo Bittarello, Fabrizio Bambini and Gianni Gallusi

Materials 2022, 15(20), 7250; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15207250 - 17 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1063

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the epithelial biological response to machined titanium Ti-6Al-4V grade 5 and titanium Ti-6Al-4V grade 5 coated with zirconia (ZrN) by physical vapor deposition (PVD). Human keratinocytes were cultured in six-well plates. Machined titanium TiAl4V4 grade 5 (T1) and ZrN-coated titanium TiAl4V4 grade 5 (T2) discs were placed in two different wells. The remaining two wells served as control (C). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were performed to compare the T1 and T2 surfaces. Subsequent analyses were performed to explore the effect of T1 and T2 contact with human keratinocyte HUKE cell lines. Cell viability was evaluated using a trypan blue exclusion test and MTT assay. Cell lysates from C, T1, and T2 were Western blotted to evaluate E-cadherin and Integrin-α6β4 expression. SEM revealed that T2 was smoother and more homogeneous than T1. EDS showed homogeneous and uniform distribution of ZrN coating on T2. Cell viability analyses did not show significant differences between T1 and T2. Furthermore, E-cadherin and Integrin-α6β4 expressions of the epithelial cells cultured in T1 and T2 were similar. Therefore, titanium Ti-6Al-4V grade 5 surfaces coated with ZrN by PVD seem to be similar substrates to the uncoated surfaces for keratinocyte adhesion and proliferation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Smart Biomaterials and Techniques for Oral, Hard Tissue Engineering and Regeneration)

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11 pages, 1141 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Antimicrobial Effect of Novel Electrospun Polylactic Acid/Hydroxyapatite Nanofibres Loaded with Doxycycline

by Vlad Andrei, Nicodim Iosif Fiț, Ioana Matei, Réka Barabás, Liliana Antonela Bizo, Oana Cadar, Bianca Adina Boșca, Noémi-Izabella Farkas, Laura Marincaș, Dana-Maria Muntean, Elena Dinte and Aranka Ilea

Materials 2022, 15(18), 6225; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15186225 - 7 Sep 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1676

Abstract

The present study aimed to assess the in vitro antimicrobial effects of a novel biomaterial containing polylactic acid (PLA), nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAP) and Doxycycline (Doxy) obtained by electrospinning and designed for the non-surgical periodontal treatment. The antimicrobial activity of two samples (test sample, PLA-HAP-Doxy7: 5% PLA, nano-HAP, 7% Doxy and control sample, PLA-HAP: 5% PLA, nano-HAP) against two periodontal pathogens—Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis—was assessed using the Kirby–Bauer Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Test and compared with the effect of four antibiotics used as adjuvants in periodontal therapy: Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Doxy and Metronidazole. The test sample (embedded with Doxy) showed higher inhibitory effects than commonly used antibiotics used in the treatment of periodontitis, while the control sample showed no inhibitory effects. Moreover, significant differences were observed between the inhibition zones of the two samples (p < 0.05). The Doxy-loaded PLA nanofibres had an antimicrobial effect against the periodontal pathogens. Based on these results, the novel biomaterial could be a promising candidate as adjuvant for the non-surgical local treatment in periodontitis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Smart Biomaterials and Techniques for Oral, Hard Tissue Engineering and Regeneration)

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19 pages, 10732 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biocompatibility of ZrO₂ vs. Y-TZP Alloys: Influence of Their Composition and Surface Topography

by Alex Tchinda, Laëtitia Chézeau, Gaël Pierson, Richard Kouitat-Njiwa, B H Rihn and Pierre Bravetti

Materials 2022, 15(13), 4655; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15134655 - 1 Jul 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1541

Abstract

The osseointegration of implants is defined as the direct anatomical and functional connection between neoformed living bone and the surface of a supporting implant. The biological compatibility of implants depends on various parameters, such as the nature of the material, chemical composition, surface topography, chemistry and loading, surface treatment, and physical and mechanical properties. In this context, the objective of this study is to evaluate the biocompatibility of rough (Ra = 1 µm) and smooth (Ra = 0 µm) surface conditions of yttria–zirconia (Y-TZP) discs compared to pure zirconia (ZrO₂) discs by combining a classical toxicological test, morphological observations by SEM, and a transcriptomic analysis on an in vitro model of human Saos-2 bone cells. Similar cell proliferation rates were observed between ZrO₂ and Y-TZP discs and control cells, regardless of the surface topography, at up to 96 h of exposure. Dense cell matting was similarly observed on the surfaces of both materials. Interestingly, only 110 transcripts were differentially expressed across the human transcriptome, consistent with the excellent biocompatibility of Y-TZP reported in the literature. These deregulated transcripts are mainly involved in two pathways, the first being related to “mineral uptake” and the second being the “immune response”. These observations suggest that Y-TZP is an interesting candidate for application in implantology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Smart Biomaterials and Techniques for Oral, Hard Tissue Engineering and Regeneration)

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