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Carbon Materials for Energy Storage
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Carbon Materials for Energy Storage

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Carbon Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 13173

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Young Soo Yun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
Interests: carbon materials; pyropolymer; rechargeable batteries; supercapacitors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carbon-based active electrode materials are one of the keys in the next-generation energy storage devices owing to their cheap precursor materials, well-established fabrication processes and superior materials properties such as high specific surface areas, good electrical conductivities and high redox-activities. This Special Issue aims to publish the subjects; preparation process, analysis, physicochemical properties of carbon-based materials and their applications in energy storage fields. However, the topic will be not limited to the areas listed above.

Prof. Young Soo Yun
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Porous carbon
  • Activated carbon
  • Functional carbon
  • Nanocarbon
  • Nanostructured carbon
  • Graphitic carbon
  • Amorphous carbon
  • Disordered carbon
  • Hard carbon
  • Soft carbon
  • Carbon nanotube
  • Graphene
  • Graphene nanoribbon
  • Fullerene
  • Nanodiamond
  • Diamond-related carbon
  • Carbonization
  • Pyrolysis
  • Electrode
  • Supercapacitor
  • Li/Na/K/Mg/Ca/Al ion batteries
  • Energy storage devices
  • Other carbon-related materials and energy storage devices

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 7950 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Density on the Value of Young’s Modulus for Dry Ice
by Aleksandra Biszczanik, Krzysztof Wałęsa, Mateusz Kukla and Jan Górecki
Materials 2021, 14(24), 7763; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14247763 - 15 Dec 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1794
Abstract
The efficiency of material consumption is an important consideration for production processes; this is particularly true for processes that use waste materials. Dry ice extrusion serves as a good example. An examination of the literature on this subject leads to an observation that [...] Read more.
The efficiency of material consumption is an important consideration for production processes; this is particularly true for processes that use waste materials. Dry ice extrusion serves as a good example. An examination of the literature on this subject leads to an observation that the commercially available machines for dry ice compression are characterized by a high value of working force. Consequently, the effectiveness of the source consumption, electric energy and carbon dioxide, is very low. The subject of the experimental research presented in the article is the influence of the density of dry ice on the value of Young’s modulus. The first part of the article presents the test methodology and the special test stand that was developed to accommodate the unique characteristics of solid-state carbon dioxide. The test results present the characteristics of compaction and relaxation used as the basis for determining the value of Young’s modulus. Based on the test results obtained for various material density values, the characteristics of Young’s modulus are developed and graphed as a function of the density. The presented results are important for furthering the research on the development of extrusion and compaction processes; for example, using the Drucker–Prager/Cap model for the purpose of optimizing the geometrical characteristics of the work assembly components. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Materials for Energy Storage)
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12 pages, 6756 KiB  
Article
Recycling Black Tea Waste Biomass as Activated Porous Carbon for Long Life Cycle Supercapacitor Electrodes
by Hojong Eom, Jooyoung Kim, Inho Nam and Sunyoung Bae
Materials 2021, 14(21), 6592; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216592 - 02 Nov 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2316
Abstract
Value creation through waste recycling is important for a sustainable society and future. In particular, biomass, which is based on crops, is a great recyclable resource that can be converted into useful materials. Black tea is one of the most cultivated agricultural products [...] Read more.
Value creation through waste recycling is important for a sustainable society and future. In particular, biomass, which is based on crops, is a great recyclable resource that can be converted into useful materials. Black tea is one of the most cultivated agricultural products in the world and is mostly discarded after brewing. Herein, we report the application of black tea waste biomass as electrode material for supercapacitors through the activation of biomass hydrochar under various conditions. Raw black tea was converted into hydrochar via a hydrothermal carbonization process and then activated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) to provide a large surface area and porous structure. The activation temperature and ratio of KOH were controlled to synthesize the optimal black tea carbon (BTC) with a large surface area and porosity suitable for use as electrode material. This method suggests a direction in which the enormous amount of biomass, which is simply discarded, can be utilized in the energy storage system. The synthesized optimal BTC has a large surface area of 1062 m2 and specific capacitance up to 200 F∙g−1 at 1 mV∙s−1. Moreover, it has 98.8% retention of charge–discharge capacitance after 2000 cycles at the current density of 5 A∙g−1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Materials for Energy Storage)
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11 pages, 4003 KiB  
Article
Effects of Fe Impurities on Self-Discharge Performance of Carbon-Based Supercapacitors
by Yuting Du, Yan Mo and Yong Chen
Materials 2021, 14(8), 1908; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081908 - 11 Apr 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2249
Abstract
Activated carbon is widely used as an electrode material in supercapacitors due to its superior electrochemical stability, excellent electrical conductivity, and environmental friendliness. In this study, the self-discharge mechanisms of activated carbon electrodes loaded with different contents of Fe impurities (Fe and Fe [...] Read more.
Activated carbon is widely used as an electrode material in supercapacitors due to its superior electrochemical stability, excellent electrical conductivity, and environmental friendliness. In this study, the self-discharge mechanisms of activated carbon electrodes loaded with different contents of Fe impurities (Fe and Fe3O4) were analyzed by multi-stage fitting to explore the tunability of self-discharge. It is was found that a small quantity of Fe impurities on carbon materials improves the self-discharge performance dominated by redox reaction, by adjusting the surface state and pore structure of carbon materials. As the content of Fe impurities increases, the voltage loss of activated carbon with the Fe impurity concentrations of 1.12 wt.% (AF-1.12) decreases by 37.9% of the original, which is attributable to the reduce of ohmic leakage and diffusion, and the increase in Faradic redox at the electrode/electrolyte interface. In summary, self-discharge performance of carbon-based supercapacitors can be adjusted via the surface state and pour structure, which provides insights for the future design of energy storage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Materials for Energy Storage)
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13 pages, 8875 KiB  
Article
Intensification of Pseudocapacitance by Nanopore Engineering on Waste-Bamboo-Derived Carbon as a Positive Electrode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
by Jong Chan Hyun, Jin Hwan Kwak, Min Eui Lee, Jaewon Choi, Jinsoo Kim, Seung-Soo Kim and Young Soo Yun
Materials 2019, 12(17), 2733; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12172733 - 26 Aug 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2644
Abstract
Nanoporous carbon, including redox-active functional groups, can be a promising active electrode material (AEM) as a positive electrode for lithium-ion batteries owing to its high electrochemical performance originating from the host-free surface-driven charge storage process. This study examined the effects of the nanopore [...] Read more.
Nanoporous carbon, including redox-active functional groups, can be a promising active electrode material (AEM) as a positive electrode for lithium-ion batteries owing to its high electrochemical performance originating from the host-free surface-driven charge storage process. This study examined the effects of the nanopore size on the pseudocapacitance of the nanoporous carbon materials using nanopore-engineered carbon-based AEMs (NE-C-AEMs). The pseudocapacitance of NE-C-AEMs was intensified, when the pore diameter was ≥2 nm in a voltage range of 1.0~4.8 V vs Li+/Li under the conventional carbonate-based electrolyte system, showing a high specific capacity of ~485 mA·h·g−1. In addition, the NE-C-AEMs exhibited high rate capabilities at current ranges from 0.2 to 4.0 A·g−1 as well as stable cycling behavior for more than 300 cycles. The high electrochemical performance of NE-C-AEMs was demonstrated by full-cell tests with a graphite nanosheet anode, where a high specific energy and power of ~345 Wh·kg−1 and ~6100 W·Kg−1, respectively, were achieved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Materials for Energy Storage)
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Review

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43 pages, 3736 KiB  
Review
Shedding Light on Graphene Quantum Dots: Key Synthetic Strategies, Characterization Tools, and Cutting-Edge Applications
by Slađana Dorontić, Svetlana Jovanović and Aurelio Bonasera
Materials 2021, 14(20), 6153; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14206153 - 17 Oct 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3316
Abstract
During the last 20 years, the scientific community has shown growing interest towards carbonaceous nanomaterials due to their appealing mechanical, thermal, and optical features, depending on the specific nanoforms. Among these, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) recently emerged as one of the most promising [...] Read more.
During the last 20 years, the scientific community has shown growing interest towards carbonaceous nanomaterials due to their appealing mechanical, thermal, and optical features, depending on the specific nanoforms. Among these, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) recently emerged as one of the most promising nanomaterials due to their outstanding electrical properties, chemical stability, and intense and tunable photoluminescence, as it is witnessed by a booming number of reported applications, ranging from the biological field to the photovoltaic market. To date, a plethora of synthetic protocols have been investigated to modulate the portfolio of features that GQDs possess and to facilitate the use of these materials for target applications. Considering the number of publications and the rapid evolution of this flourishing field of research, this review aims at providing a broad overview of the most widely established synthetic protocols and offering a detailed review of some specific applications that are attracting researchers’ interest. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Materials for Energy Storage)
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