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Synthesis and Characterization of Advanced Adsorption Materials and Their Role in Environmental Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Porous Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 9799

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Aljoša Košak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
2. Institute for Environmental Protection and Sensors (IOS) Ltd., Beloruska 7, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
Interests: nanomaterials; ceramics; magnetic nanoparticles; magnetic fluids; ferrites; surfaces and colloids; microemulsions; solid-state chemistry; sol-gel chemistry; wet chemical synthesis; optical chemical sensors; adsorption and adsorbent materials; characterization of materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We live in a time when our world is facing many environmental problems that threaten our living space and negatively affect our quality of life, our health, and the ecosystem as a whole. The constant growth of the human population, industrialization, unsustainable production practices, agricultural activities, and excessive use of chemicals since the industrial revolution contribute to pollution and inappropriate management of the environment.

Awareness and acceptance of our responsibility for environmental management have led us to the realization that, as a society, we need to take more active positions in the research and development of innovative technologies for environmental remediation and to influence government stakeholders to take appropriate regulatory and restrictive legislative measures for the protection of the environment against pollution.

The social challenges associated with the need for a clean environment, air, water, and soil dictate the use of different remediation technologies, and, in all of those areas, adsorption technologies are a part of the solution. The development of adsorption technologies is strongly related to the development of adsorption materials. Adsorption is a surface phenomenon that, due to mutual attractive forces, enables the accumulation of atoms, molecules, or ions of the adsorbate on the surface of the solid adsorbent. The ideal adsorbent must show good adsorption capacity, good selectivity, good kinetic properties, good thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability, but on the other hand, it must also enable easy desorption of the adsorbate, regeneration, and it must be environmentally friendly and economically acceptable.

Although significant progress has been made in recent years in the research and development of innovative nanostructured adsorption materials with adapted functional and surface properties and porosity, the potential use of the adsorption properties of these materials remains relatively unexplored. There is still plenty of room in this area for research and development of new and better adsorption materials, which will significantly contribute to solving future environmental challenges with their improved adsorption properties.

We have the responsibility to future generations to keep the environment clean and healthy.

The aim of this Special Issue is to encourage researchers around the world to share their most interesting and promising works. We strive to publish credible and up-to-date information on the preparation of new and innovative adsorption materials and their use in adsorption applications and related fields. For this purpose, original research articles, review scientific articles, and short communications, as well as articles describing current research trends and future perspectives in the fields of adsorbent development and adsorption technologies, are welcome.

Potential topics of this Special Issue include, but are not limited to the following: development of new adsorption materials (porous micro-/nano-structured inorganic materials, organic/inorganic hybrid materials, polymeric materials, natural materials, etc.); new synthesis strategies and techniques; scale-up synthesis; characterization of structural, surface, and other physicochemical properties and ecotoxicity of adsorbents, and their adsorption applications in the removal of pollutants from air, soil and water (removal and purification of chemicals, drugs, pharmaceuticals and biological substances, pesticides, herbicides, fumigants, polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons, organic micropollutants, microplastics, heavy metals, rare-earth elements, radionuclides, impurities from liquids and gases, air pollutants, removal of dyes in decolorization processes, separation and storage of gases, etc.); basic and practical aspects of adsorption and adsorption processes (adsorption mechanisms, desorption, regeneration, equilibrium data, adsorption isotherms, kinetic models, thermodynamics, batch methods, fixed-bed type processes, fluidized beds, pulsed beds, new measurement techniques, etc.).

It is my great pleasure, to invite you to submit original research articles, review scientific articles, and short communications for publication in this Special Issue.

Dr. Aljoša Košak
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Adsorption materials
  • Novel adsorbent synthesis strategies
  • Adsorption mechanisms
  • Adsorption isotherms
  • Adsorption kinetics
  • Removal of inorganic pollutants
  • Removal of organic pollutants
  • Removal of biological pollutants
  • Air purification
  • Soil remediation
  • Water and wastewater treatment
  • Batch methods
  • Fixed-bed type processes
  • Future aspects of adsorbents in adsorbent application

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4341 KiB  
Article
Development and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Olive Pomace: Experimental Design, Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies in Nimesulide Adsorption
by Íris Nunes Raupp, Alaor Valério Filho, Aline Lemos Arim, Ana Rosa Costa Muniz and Gabriela Silveira da Rosa
Materials 2021, 14(22), 6820; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226820 - 12 Nov 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2064
Abstract
The lack of adequate treatment for the removal of pollutants from domestic, hospital and industrial effluents has caused great environmental concern. Therefore, there is a need to develop materials that have the capacity to treat these effluents. This work aims to develop and [...] Read more.
The lack of adequate treatment for the removal of pollutants from domestic, hospital and industrial effluents has caused great environmental concern. Therefore, there is a need to develop materials that have the capacity to treat these effluents. This work aims to develop and characterize an activated charcoal from olive pomace, which is an agro-industrial residue, for adsorption of Nimesulide in liquid effluent and to evaluate the adsorption kinetics and equilibrium using experimental design. The raw material was oven dried at 105 °C for 24 h, ground, chemically activated in a ratio of 1:0.8:0.2 of olive pomace, zinc chloride and calcium hydroxide and thermally activated by pyrolysis in a reactor of stainless steel at 550 °C for 30 min. The activated carbon was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) method, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), density and zero charge potential analysis. The surface area obtained was 650.9 m2 g−1. The kinetic and isothermal mathematical models that best described the adsorption were PSO and Freundlich and the highest adsorption capacity obtained was 353.27 mg g−1. The results obtained showed the good performance of activated carbon produced from olive pomace as an adsorbent material and demonstrated great potential for removing emerging contaminants such as Nimesulide. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Characterization of Advanced Adsorption Materials and Their Role in Environmental Applications)
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20 pages, 2867 KiB  
Article
Exploration of the Cs Trapping Phenomenon by Combining Graphene Oxide with α-K6P2W18O62 as Nanocomposite
by Bangun Satrio Nugroho, Akane Kato, Chie Kowa, Tomoya Nakashima, Atsushi Wada, Muh. Nur Khoiru Wihadi and Satoru Nakashima
Materials 2021, 14(19), 5577; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195577 - 26 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2163
Abstract
A graphene oxide-based α-K6P2W18O62 (Dawson-type polyoxometalate) nanocomposite was formed by using two types of graphene oxide (GO) samples with different C/O compositions. Herein, based on the interaction of GO, polyoxometalates (POMs), and their nanocomposites with the [...] Read more.
A graphene oxide-based α-K6P2W18O62 (Dawson-type polyoxometalate) nanocomposite was formed by using two types of graphene oxide (GO) samples with different C/O compositions. Herein, based on the interaction of GO, polyoxometalates (POMs), and their nanocomposites with the Cs cation, quantitative data have been provided to explicate the morphology and Cs adsorption character. The morphology of the GO-POM nanocomposites was characterized by using TEM and SEM imaging. These results show that the POM particle successfully interacted above the surface of GO. The imaging also captured many small black spots on the surface of the nanocomposite after Cs adsorption. Furthermore, ICP-AES, the PXRD pattern, IR spectra, and Raman spectra all emphasized that the Cs adsorption occurred. The adsorption occurred by an aggregation process. Furthermore, the difference in the C/O ratio in each GO sample indicated that the ratio has significantly influenced the character of the GO-POM nanocomposite for the Cs adsorption. It was shown that the oxidized zone (sp2/sp3 hybrid carbon) of each nanocomposite sample was enlarged by forming the nanocomposite compared to the corresponding original GO sample. The Cs adsorption performance was also influenced after forming a composite. The present study also exhibited the fact that the sharp and intense diffractions in the PXRD were significantly reduced after the Cs adsorption. The result highlights that the interlayer distance was changed after Cs adsorption in all nanocomposite samples. This has a good correlation with the Raman spectra in which the second-order peaks changed after Cs adsorption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Characterization of Advanced Adsorption Materials and Their Role in Environmental Applications)
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17 pages, 9260 KiB  
Article
Crown-Ether-Modified SBA-15 for the Adsorption of Cr(VI) and Zn(II) from Water
by Jong-Man Yoo, Sung Soo Park, Yong-Zhu Yan and Chang-Sik Ha
Materials 2021, 14(17), 5060; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14175060 - 3 Sep 2021
Viewed by 2029
Abstract
Recently, the release of some metal ions to the environment has been observed to cause serious damages to human health and the environment. Herein, a chromium(VI)- and zinc(II)-selective adsorbent (CB18crown6/SBA-15) was successfully fabricated through the covalent attachment of 4′-carboxybenzo-18-crown-6 (CB18crown6) as a ligand [...] Read more.
Recently, the release of some metal ions to the environment has been observed to cause serious damages to human health and the environment. Herein, a chromium(VI)- and zinc(II)-selective adsorbent (CB18crown6/SBA-15) was successfully fabricated through the covalent attachment of 4′-carboxybenzo-18-crown-6 (CB18crown6) as a ligand on mesoporous silica support (SBA-15). The CB18crown6/SBA-15 adsorbent was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To evaluate its ability to selectively capture Cr(VI) and Zn(II), adsorption experiments were conducted. The influences of pH, initial concentration of metal ions, and coexisting metal ions on the adsorption process were examined. The CB18crown6/SBA-15 selectively adsorbed Cr(VI) at pH 2 and Zn(II) at pH 5, respectively, from the mixed aqueous solutions of chromium, zinc, lithium, cadmium, cobalt, strontium, and cesium ions. The data for the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the CB18crown6/SBA-15 were well explained by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. In addition, the recycling and reuse of CB18crown6/SBA-15 was successfully achieved, and 71 and 76% reuse efficiency of Cr(VI) and Zn(II), respectively, was obtained after five cycles. This study suggests that the use of the CB18crown6/SBA-15 can be a feasible approach for the selective remediation of Cr(VI) and Zn(II) contamination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Characterization of Advanced Adsorption Materials and Their Role in Environmental Applications)
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19 pages, 4810 KiB  
Article
Solvent-Free Synthesized Monolithic Ultraporous Aluminas for Highly Efficient Removal of Remazol Brilliant Blue R: Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies
by Huan Xu, Guilhem Boeuf, Zixian Jia, Kairuo Zhu, Mehrdad Nikravech, Andrei Kanaev, Rabah Azouani, Mamadou Traore and Abdellatif Elm’selmi
Materials 2021, 14(11), 3054; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14113054 - 3 Jun 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2272
Abstract
In this study, ultraporous aluminas (UPA) were synthesized as new effective adsorbents for Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) removal from aqueous solutions. The UPA monoliths were grown via facile oxidation process, followed by isochronous annealing treatment in air at different temperatures, through which [...] Read more.
In this study, ultraporous aluminas (UPA) were synthesized as new effective adsorbents for Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) removal from aqueous solutions. The UPA monoliths were grown via facile oxidation process, followed by isochronous annealing treatment in air at different temperatures, through which γ, θ, and α phase polycrystalline fibrous grains of UPA can be accordingly obtained. The experimental factors that affect the material adsorption performances including initial pH, contact time, and temperature were comprehensively studied by batch experiments. The RBBR adsorption isotherms of UPA(γ) and UPA(θ) powders were found almost identical, while UPA(α) powders showed low effectiveness. To obtain the desirable mechanical stability of the UPA monolith with considerable RBBR adsorption capacity, UPA(θ) powders were further studied. The UPA(θ) powders exhibited maximum RBBR adsorption at pH 2 due to the positively charged surface under acidic conditions. Compared with the Lagergren pseudo-first-order model, the pseudo-second-order model was found to explain the adsorption kinetics better. Despite the film diffusion dominating the adsorption process, the contributions of the intraparticle diffusion and chemical reactions were also found significant. The adsorption equilibrium data at different temperatures were fitted by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models. The Langmuir model was found the most effective in the description of equilibrium data, and the maximum RBBR adsorption capacity retained by UPA(θ) powders was 122.55 mg·g−1 at 295 K. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG0, ΔH0, and ΔS0) indicated the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Characterization of Advanced Adsorption Materials and Their Role in Environmental Applications)
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