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Preparation and Properties of Metals and Alloys for Biomedical Applications
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Preparation and Properties of Metals and Alloys for Biomedical Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2024) | Viewed by 7886

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jarosław Jakubowicz

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
Interests: biomaterials; surface treatment; nanomaterials; materials synthesis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metal-based biomaterials are the most widely used among other groups of biomaterials. These include titanium and its alloys, cobalt alloys, and austenitic steels. Less frequently, but with great potential, tantalum, gold, palladium, and their alloys are used. Great interest in this group of materials results from their very good mechanical, physicochemical, and biological properties. There is also a great potential to modify the chemical composition, structure, and properties, as well as the potential to modify the surface of products made of them. Susceptibility to the many processes of surface treatment, such as, for example, anodic oxidation, PVD, CVD, thermal spraying, and so on, makes them as materials with unlimited biomedical possibilities. Particular attention should be paid to their use in orthopaedic, cardiology, and stomatology. There are new methods of production and modification, including, in particular, additive techniques, emphasizing the production of excellent materials at low costs. This topic is dedicated to new and old type metallic biomaterials made by new and conventional techniques but with new and extraordinary properties.

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript to this Special Issue that is related to the above topic. Full papers, communications, and reviews are all welcomed.

Prof. Dr. Jarosław Jakubowicz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metallic biomaterials
  • metals and alloys as biomaterials
  • titanium and its alloys as biomaterials
  • steels as biomaterials
  • cobalt alloys as biomaterials
  • tantalum as biomaterials
  • noble metals as biomaterials
  • new technologies used in metallic biomaterials
  • additive techniques
  • surface treatment
  • metals biofunctionalization
  • coatings on metallic biomaterials
  • properties of metallic biomaterials

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3151 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Analysis of In Vivo-Generated and Artificial CoCrMo Wear Particles Created by High-Energy Ball Milling and the Buchhorn Method
by Adrian Buchholz, Rebecca Höpfer, Julia Becker, Vadym Voropai, Janett Schmelzer, Manja Krüger and Jessica Bertrand
Materials 2025, 18(3), 643; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18030643 - 31 Jan 2025
Viewed by 815
Abstract
This study compares CoCrMo particles generated by a high-energy ball milling method with those produced by the established Buchhorn method and with in vivo-generated wear particles from periprosthetic tissue. CoCrMo particles were produced utilization both methods. The particle size distribution was analyzed using [...] Read more.
This study compares CoCrMo particles generated by a high-energy ball milling method with those produced by the established Buchhorn method and with in vivo-generated wear particles from periprosthetic tissue. CoCrMo particles were produced utilization both methods. The particle size distribution was analyzed using laser diffraction, and the morphology was examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) provided a qualitative analysis of the material composition. The high-energy ball milling method yielded CoCrMo particles with a D50 of 7.92 µm, a significantly smaller value than the D50 of 88.30 µm observed for Buchhorn particles. The SEM analysis demonstrated that the particles produced by the ball mill have a roundish, red blood cell-like and irregular shape, similar to that observed in particles generated in vivo. In contrast, the particles produced by the Buchhorn method exhibited a flake-like and irregular morphology. The ball mill particles displayed a tendency towards agglomeration, which was also observed in particles generated in vivo. In conclusion, the ball mill method produces CoCrMo particles that closely resemble natural wear particles in terms of size and morphology. These particles provide a superior model for biological testing in comparison to those produced by the Buchhorn method. Furthermore, the ball mill method offers advantages in terms of reproducibility and scalability, making it a promising alternative for the generation of CoCrMo particles for orthopedic research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation and Properties of Metals and Alloys for Biomedical Applications)
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18 pages, 3910 KiB  
Article
The Characterization of a Biodegradable Mg Alloy after Powder Bed Fusion with Laser Beam/Metal Processing for Custom Shaped Implants
by Doina Raducanu, Vasile Danut Cojocaru, Anna Nocivin, Silviu Iulian Drob, Radu Emil Hendea, Doina Stanciu, Steliana Ivanescu, Vlad Andrei Raducanu, Nicolae Serban, Elisabeta Mirela Cojocaru and Radu Septimiu Campian
Materials 2024, 17(7), 1682; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071682 - 6 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1475
Abstract
A new Mg-Zn-Zr-Ca alloy in a powder state, intended to be used for custom shaped implants, was obtained via a mechanical alloying method from pure elemental powder. Further, the obtained powder alloy was processed by a PBF-LB/M (powder bed fusion with laser beam/of [...] Read more.
A new Mg-Zn-Zr-Ca alloy in a powder state, intended to be used for custom shaped implants, was obtained via a mechanical alloying method from pure elemental powder. Further, the obtained powder alloy was processed by a PBF-LB/M (powder bed fusion with laser beam/of metal) procedure to obtain additive manufactured samples for small biodegradable implants. A series of microstructural, mechanical and corrosion analyses were performed. The SEM (scanning electron microscopy) analysis of the powder alloy revealed a good dimensional homogeneity, with a uniform colour, no agglutination and almost rounded particles, suitable for the powder bed fusion procedure. Further, the PBF-LB/M samples revealed a robust and unbreakable morphology, with a suitable porosity (that can reproduce that of cortical bone) and without an undesirable balling effect. The tested Young’s modulus of the PBF-LB/M samples, which was 42 GPa, is close to that of cortical bone, 30 GPa. The corrosion tests that were performed in PBS (Phosphate-buffered saline) solution, with three different pH values, show that the corrosion parameters have a satisfactory evolution comparative to the commercial ZK 60 alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation and Properties of Metals and Alloys for Biomedical Applications)
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14 pages, 4689 KiB  
Article
Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Niobium Additions on the Structural Characteristics and Properties of Ti–5Cr–xNb Alloys for Biomedical Applications
by Hsueh-Chuan Hsu, Shih-Ching Wu, Wei-Ching Fang and Wen-Fu Ho
Materials 2024, 17(7), 1667; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071667 - 4 Apr 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1252
Abstract
In this study, a series of Ti–5Cr–xNb alloys with varying Nb content (ranging from 1 to 40 wt.%) were investigated to assess their suitability as implant materials. Comprehensive analyses were conducted, including phase analysis, microscopy examination, mechanical testing, and corrosion resistance evaluation. The [...] Read more.
In this study, a series of Ti–5Cr–xNb alloys with varying Nb content (ranging from 1 to 40 wt.%) were investigated to assess their suitability as implant materials. Comprehensive analyses were conducted, including phase analysis, microscopy examination, mechanical testing, and corrosion resistance evaluation. The results revealed significant structural alterations attributed to Nb addition, notably suppressing the formation of the ω phase and transitioning from α′ + β + ω to single β phase structures. Moreover, the incorporation of Nb markedly improved the alloys’ plastic deformation ability and reduced their elastic modulus. In particular, the Ti–5Cr–25Nb alloy demonstrated high values in corrosion potential and polarization resistance, signifying exceptional corrosion resistance. This alloy also displayed high bending strength (approximately 1500 MPa), a low elastic modulus (approximately 80 GPa), and outstanding elastic recovery and plastic deformation capabilities. These aggregate outcomes indicate the promising potential of the β-phase Ti–5Cr–25Nb alloy for applications in orthopedic and dental implants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation and Properties of Metals and Alloys for Biomedical Applications)
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14 pages, 4763 KiB  
Article
Effect of Low-Temperature Oxygen Plasma Treatment of Titanium Alloy Surface on Tannic Acid Coating Deposition
by Mariusz Winiecki, Magdalena Stepczyńska, Krzysztof Moraczewski, Lukasz Skowronski, Marek Trzcinski, Tomasz Rerek and Rafał Malinowski
Materials 2024, 17(5), 1065; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051065 - 26 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1697
Abstract
In this study, the effect of low-temperature oxygen plasma treatment with various powers of a titanium alloy surface on the structural and morphological properties of a substrate and the deposition of a tannic acid coating was investigated. The surface characteristics of the titanium [...] Read more.
In this study, the effect of low-temperature oxygen plasma treatment with various powers of a titanium alloy surface on the structural and morphological properties of a substrate and the deposition of a tannic acid coating was investigated. The surface characteristics of the titanium alloy were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle measurements. Following this, the tannic acid coatings were deposited on the titanium alloy substrates and the structural and morphological properties of the tannic acid coatings deposited were subject to characterization by XPS, SEM, and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) measurements. The results show that the low-temperature oxygen plasma treatment of titanium alloys leads to the formation of titanium dioxides that contain –OH groups on the surface being accompanied by a reduction in carbon, which imparts hydrophilicity to the titanium substrate, and the effect increases with the applied plasma power. The performed titanium alloy substrate modification translates into the quality of the deposited tannic acid coating standing out by higher uniformity of the coating, lower number of defects indicating delamination or incomplete bonding of the coating with the substrate, lower number of cracks, thinner cracks, and higher thickness of the tannic acid coatings compared to the non-treated titanium alloy substrate. A similar effect is observed as the applied plasma power increases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation and Properties of Metals and Alloys for Biomedical Applications)
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12 pages, 8714 KiB  
Article
Fabricated High-Strength, Low-Elastic Modulus Biomedical Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Alloy via Powder Metallurgy
by Amy X. Y. Guo, Bin Cao, Zihan Wang, Xiao Ma and Shan Cecilia Cao
Materials 2023, 16(10), 3845; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16103845 - 19 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1897
Abstract
With the huge demands of an aging society, it is urgent to develop a new generation of non-toxic titanium alloy to match the modulus of human bone. Here, we prepared bulk Ti2448 alloys by powder metallurgy technology, and focused on the influence of [...] Read more.
With the huge demands of an aging society, it is urgent to develop a new generation of non-toxic titanium alloy to match the modulus of human bone. Here, we prepared bulk Ti2448 alloys by powder metallurgy technology, and focused on the influence of the sintering process on the porosity, phase composition, and mechanical properties of the initial sintered samples. Furthermore, we performed solution treatment on the samples under different sintering parameters to further adjust the microstructure and phase composition, so as to achieve strength enhancement and reduction of Young’s modulus. Solution treatment can effectively inhibit the continuous α phase precipitated along the grain boundaries of the β matrix, which is beneficial to the fracture resistance. Therefore, the water-quenched sample exhibits good mechanical properties due to the absence of acicular α-phase. Samples sintered at 1400 °C and subsequently water quenched have excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, which benefit from high porosity and the smaller feature size of microstructure. To be specific, the compressive yield stress is 1100 MPa, the strain at fracture is 17.5%, and the Young’s modulus is 44 GPa, which are more applicable to orthopedic implants. Finally, the relatively mature sintering and solution treatment process parameters were screened out for reference in actual production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation and Properties of Metals and Alloys for Biomedical Applications)
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