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Advances in Laser Surface Treated Steels and Light Metal Alloys

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2020) | Viewed by 12894

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Prof. Dr. Mirosław Bonek

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Interests: metallic alloys; tool materials; biomaterials; heat treatment; laser surface engineering
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Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

The functional properties of many products and their parts depend not only on the capability to transmit mechanical loads through the entire active section of a part made of the material applied, which is often heat treated, or on its physiochemical properties, but often, or mainly, on the structure and properties of surface layers. Society benefits through the use of improved products that use these new materials technologies. In the twenty-first century, a new generation of materials promises to again reshape our world and solve some of the planet’s most pressing problems. Progress in practical applications has been determined by intensive research and development works on advanced metallic alloys.

This Special Issue will include original scientific papers that describe new engineering materials and the technological processes of the manufacturing, processing, and forming of their structure and properties in the whole volume and on their surface, and also the description of phenomena and phase transformations appearing in these materials. It will encourage the submission of new fundamental and interdisciplinary contributions on materials science and engineering, and surface engineering, which generally advances material technologies.

This Special Issue will focus on some of the important effects of these special laser surface treatment processes, heat treatment, and other material technologies processes on the evolution of the structure–property correlations of some selected metallic alloys, especially those that are technologically advanced.

Dr. Mirosław S. Bonek
Guest Editor

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Keywords

metallic alloys manufacturing
heat treatment
laser surface engineering
research methods
mechanical properties
structure–property correlations
advanced materials characterization

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 10590 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing on Porosity and Mechanical Properties of 316 L Stainless Steel Prepared by the Selective Laser Melting Method

by Tomas Cegan, Marek Pagac, Jan Jurica, Katerina Skotnicova, Jiri Hajnys, Lukas Horsak, Kamil Soucek and Pavel Krpec

Materials 2020, 13(19), 4377; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13194377 - 01 Oct 2020

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3104

Abstract

The manufacturing route primarily determines the properties of materials prepared by additive manufacturing methods. In this work, the microstructural features and mechanical properties of 316 L stainless steel prepared by the selective laser method have been determined. Three types of samples, (i) selective laser melted (SLM), (ii) selective laser melted and hot isostatic pressed (HIP) and (iii) selective laser melted and heat treated (HT), were characterized. Microstructural analysis revealed that SLM samples were formed by melt pool boundaries with fine cellular–dendritic-type microstructure. This type of microstructure disappeared after HT or HIP and material were formed by larger grains and sharply defined grain boundaries. The SLM-prepared samples contained different levels of porosity depending on the preparation conditions. The open interconnected LOF (lack of fusion) pores were observed in the samples, which were prepared with using of scanning speed 1200 mm/s. The blowhole and keyhole type of porosity were observed in the samples prepared by lower scanning speeds. The HIP caused a significant decrease in internal closed porosity to 0.1%, and a higher pressure of 190 MPa was more effective than the usually used pressure of 140 MPa, but for samples with open porosity, HIP was not effective. The relatively high yield strength of 570 MPa, tensile strength of 650 MPa and low ductility of 30–34% were determined for SLM samples with the lower porosity content than 1.3%. The samples after HIP showed lower yield strengths than after SLM (from 290 to 325 MPa) and relatively high ductility of 47.8–48.5%, regardless of the used SLM conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Laser Surface Treated Steels and Light Metal Alloys)

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22 pages, 7151 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Hybrid Surface Modification on the Selected Properties of CP Titanium Grade II Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting

by Anna Woźniak, Marcin Adamiak, Grzegorz Chladek, Mirosław Bonek, Witold Walke and Oktawian Bialas

Materials 2020, 13(12), 2829; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13122829 - 24 Jun 2020

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2343

Abstract

The human body is an extremely aggressive environment in terms of corrosion. Titanium and its alloys are one of the most popular biomaterials used for implant applications due to biocompatibility. However, every element introduced into the body is treated as a foreign body. The human body’s immune response may, therefore, lead to implant rejection and the need for reoperation. For this purpose, it seems important to carry out surface modifications by applying coatings and inter alia by texturing to implants. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of surface treatment on the chosen properties of the pure titanium (Grade II) samples obtained by selective laser melting (SLM) processing. The samples were divided into five groups: Initial state (after polishing), after surface modification by the physical vapour deposition (PVD) method—CrN and TiN coatings were deposited on the surface of the tested material, and after laser texturing. The paper presents the results of the microscopic investigation, chemical and phase compositions, and physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the tested samples. Based on the results obtained it can be concluded that the hybrid surface modification shows significant effects on the properties of the pure titanium. The samples with the textured PVD-deposited TiN coatings were characterized by favorable physicochemical properties and were the highest performing in terms of pitting corrosion resistance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Laser Surface Treated Steels and Light Metal Alloys)

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13 pages, 9064 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Microstructure and Properties of the Copper Alloyed with Ag and Ti Powders Using Fiber Laser

by Mariusz Krupiński, Paulina Ewelina Smolarczyk and Mirosław Bonek

Materials 2020, 13(11), 2430; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13112430 - 26 May 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2367

Abstract

The scope of the work covers the development of the relationship between the chemical composition of surface-modified copper and the diffusion of alloy elements as well as the microstructure and mechanical properties. This article presents the impact of laser alloying with titanium and silver powders on the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper. In order to investigate the phenomena occurring during the laser alloying process, microstructural studies were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopic (EDS) analysis of the chemical composition in micro-areas. In addition, to test the properties of the resulting alloy, abrasion resistance, hardness measurement at low loading force, and conductivity measurements were performed. As a result of alloying with Ag and Ti powders, three distinct zones were indeed recognized: re-melting zone (RZ), diffusion zone (DZ), and heat affected zone (HAZ). The surface modification that results from laser alloying increases the hardness as well as the abrasion resistance of the material. Overall, it was found that laser alloying with Ti powder increased the strength of the copper surface layer due to the formation of intermetallic phases (Cu₃Ti₂). It was also found that laser alloying with Ag powder changed the mechanical properties of the surface layer due to the solid solution strengthening. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Laser Surface Treated Steels and Light Metal Alloys)

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17 pages, 3880 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Morphology and Mechanical Properties of ESD Coatings before and after Laser Beam Machining

by Norbert Radek, Jacek Pietraszek, Aneta Gądek-Moszczak, Łukasz J. Orman and Agnieszka Szczotok

Materials 2020, 13(10), 2331; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13102331 - 19 May 2020

Cited by 35 | Viewed by 2040

Abstract

Electro-spark deposition (ESD) and laser beam machining (LBM) are the technologies using the concentrated energy flux. This paper deals with the issue of the impact of laser modification on the morphology and mechanical properties of carbide/copper coatings produced by electro-spark treatment. The coatings were applied to C45 carbon steel samples using the EIL-8A device. The following three types of electrodes made using the powder metallurgy (PM) hot pressing technique, from copper and tungsten carbide powders of different percentage compositions, were used for the coatings: 25% WC and 75% Cu; 50% WC and 50% Cu; and 75% WC and 25% Cu. Laser modification of the surface layers was performed with an Nd:YAG laser. The research focused on the analysis of the morphology of coatings applied by electro-spark technology before and after laser processing. The analysis of the morphology of electro-spark coatings revealed that the coatings had microcracks and pores. The laser beam machining of ESD coatings led to the homogenization of chemical composition, fragmentation of the structure, and elimination of microcracks. In addition, measurements of porosity, microhardness, adhesion, and analysis of XRD phase composition of the electro-spark coatings were performed. Laser processing proved to have a positive effect on improving the adhesion of coatings and reducing their porosity. This paper also presents a simulation model of heat transfer processes for the case of laser radiation impact on a WC-Cu coating. The developed numerical model, describing the influence of laser treatment on the distribution of temperature fields in the heated material (at a given depth) is of significant importance in the development of treatment technologies. Laser-modified ESD coatings perform anti-wear and protective functions, which enable their potential application in means of transport such as rolling stock. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Laser Surface Treated Steels and Light Metal Alloys)

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11 pages, 7818 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Laser Micro-Texturing of Sintered Tool Materials Surface

by Daniel Pakuła, Marcin Staszuk, Małgorzata Dziekońska, Pavel Kožmín and Adam Čermák

Materials 2019, 12(19), 3152; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12193152 - 26 Sep 2019

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2502

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to show the effect of tool materials surface treatment while using laser texturing on the structure and properties of cemented carbides and sialon ceramics. The tests were made on multi-point inserts subjected laser texturization and honeycomb-like texture was obtained. Comprehensive investigations in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) were made. Morphology was examined by the use of atomic forces microscope (AFM) and confocal microscope. The chemical composition of the tested materials using energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) was investigated. Moreover, exploitative properties, including wear resistance using the "pin on disc" method and roughness, were also tested. It was found that the laser texturing provides a suitable modification of the structure improving tribological properties. Tests suggest that laser texturing can contribute to the durability of cutting tool’s edge, which qualifies this type of surface treatment for wide industrial applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Laser Surface Treated Steels and Light Metal Alloys)

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