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Mechanical Behavior of Metals and Alloys: Modelling, Characterization and Relationship with Microstructure

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Materials Characterization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 8745

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Dr. Dario Ripamonti

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Guest Editor

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00015 Rome, Italy
Interests: mechanical properties; high temperature materials; superalloys; creep; electron microscopy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Dear Colleagues,

Economic issues and environmental concerns require high performances from materials. The designer needs a deep knowledge of the materials being used to fully exploit their properties, avoiding both unsafe undersizing and inefficient oversizing. Laboratory testing usually provides this information, but sometimes it is hard – or even impossible – to mimic the actual working conditions. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the materials’ behavior is much needed, to predict how the material will perform once in service. Modeling is a tool that can accomplish this task. However, to be accurately predictive, the modeling of structural materials needs to be paired with adequate microstructural analysis, since the microstructure is ultimately responsible for the material performance.

This Special Issue will focus on the description of the mechanical behavior of metallic materials, and its relationship with microstructure.

Dr. Dario Ripamonti
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Mechanical characterization
Modeling
Constitutive equation
Electron microscopy
Thermal analysis (DTA, DSC)
X-ray characterization
Spectroscopy
Tomography

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 95418 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Toughness Properties of 13MnNiMoR High Strength Low Alloy Steel Weld Joint

by Songya Tian, Fan Xu, Genyuan Zhang, Adnan Saifan, Bassiouny Saleh and Xiaobo Li

Materials 2021, 14(18), 5336; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185336 - 16 Sep 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2206

Abstract

Weld and base metals require hot or cold working during the steel equipment manufacturing process. As a result, the components should be subjected to a normalizing heat treatment in order to recover their mechanical properties. In this study, the submerged-arc welding of the high strength low alloy (HSLA) thick steel plate(13MnNiMoR) is adapted for the vessel head under the normalizing and tempering heat treatment. The findings showed that the material toughness decreases after heating to simulate a vessel head forming process. The stamping process is carried out under the conditions of 980 °C for one hour, normalizing at 920 °C for 1 h and tempering between 600–660 °C for 2 h, respectively. The martensite-austenite (M-A) constituent is distributed in granular bainite and the boundary of austenite in island constituent. Therefore, it was deemed to be the most detrimental to Charpy-V impact toughness. Between normalizing and tempering, intercritical normalizing at 740 °C was added. As a result of the ferrite with fine particles M-A constituent, the toughness increases significantly. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Behavior of Metals and Alloys: Modelling, Characterization and Relationship with Microstructure)

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19 pages, 16875 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Austenitizing Temperature on Tensile and Impact Properties of a Martensitic Stainless Steel Containing Metastable Retained Austenite

by Biao Deng, Dapeng Yang, Guodong Wang, Ziyong Hou and Hongliang Yi

Materials 2021, 14(4), 1000; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14041000 - 20 Feb 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2026

Abstract

Austenitizing temperature is one decisive factor for the mechanical properties of medium carbon martensitic stainless steels (MCMSSs). In the present work, the effects of austenitizing temperature (1000, 1020, 1040 and 1060 °C) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of MCMSSs containing metastable retained austenite (RA) were investigated by means of electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as tensile and impact toughness tests. Results suggest that the microstructure including an area fraction of undissolved M₂₃C₆, carbon and chromium content in matrix, prior austenite grain size (PAGS), fraction and composition of RA in studied MCMSSs varies with employed austenitizing temperature. By optimizing austenitizing temperature (1060 °C for 40 min) and tempering (250 °C for 30 min) heat treatments, the MCMSS demonstrates excellent mechanical properties with the ultimate tensile strength of 1740 ± 8 MPa, a yield strength of 1237 ± 19 MPa, total elongation (ductility) of 10.3 ± 0.7% and impact toughness of 94.6 ± 8.0 Jcm⁻² at room temperature. The increased ductility of alloys is mainly attributed to the RA with a suitable stability via a transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect, and a matrix containing reduced carbon and chromium content. However, the impact toughness of MCMSSs largely depends on M₂₃C₆ carbides. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Behavior of Metals and Alloys: Modelling, Characterization and Relationship with Microstructure)

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17 pages, 48515 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Copper by Accumulative Roll Bonding and Subsequent Annealing

by Xueran Liu, Limin Zhuang and Yonghao Zhao

Materials 2020, 13(22), 5171; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225171 - 16 Nov 2020

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2202

Abstract

Recently, the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) technique has made significant progress in the production of various ultrafine-grained (UFG) metals and alloys. In this work, a UFG copper sheet was produced by ARB and subsequent annealing at 300 °C for 60 min to optimize strength and ductility. It was found that homogeneous lamellar UFG materials with a thickness of 200–300 nm were formed after six ARB passes. The microhardness and tensile strength of as-ARBed Cu increased, while the ductility and strain hardening decreased with the cumulative deformation strain. The as-ARBed specimens fractured in a macroscopically brittle and microscopically ductile way. After annealing, discontinuous recrystallization occurred in the neighboring interface with high strain energy, which was prior to that in the matrix. The recrystallization rate was enhanced by increasing the cumulative strain. UFG Cu ARBed for six passes after annealing manifested a completely recrystallized microstructure with grain sizes approximately ranging from 5 to 10 μm. Annealing treatment reduced the microhardness and tensile strength but improved the ductility and strain hardening of UFG Cu. As-annealed UFG-Cu fractured in a ductile mode with dominant dimples and shear zones. Our work advances the industrial-scale production of UFG Cu by exploring a simple and low-cost fabrication technique. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Behavior of Metals and Alloys: Modelling, Characterization and Relationship with Microstructure)

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17 pages, 8615 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical and Theoretical Analysis of the Inertia Effects and Interfacial Friction in SHPB Test Systems

by Pei Pei, Zhongcai Pei and Zhiyong Tang

Materials 2020, 13(21), 4809; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13214809 - 28 Oct 2020

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1645

Abstract

The dynamic properties of materials should be analyzed for the material selection and safety design of robots used in the army and other protective structural applications. Split Hopkinson pressure bars (SHPB) is a widely used system for measuring the dynamic behavior of materials between 10² and 10⁴ s⁻¹ strain rates. In order to obtain accurate dynamic parameters of materials, the influences of friction and inertia should be considered in the SHPB tests. In this study, the effects of the friction conditions, specimen shape, and specimen configuration on the SHPB results are numerically investigated for rate-independent material, rate-dependent elastic-plastic material, and rate-dependent visco-elastic material. High-strength steel DP500 and polymethylmethacrylate are the representative materials for the latter two materials. The rate-independent material used the same elastic modulus and hardening modulus as the rate-dependent visco-elastic material but without strain rate effects for comparison. The impact velocities were 3 and 10 m/s. The results show that friction and inertia can produce a significant increase in the flow stress, and their effects are affected by impact velocities. Rate-dependent visco-elasticity material specimen is the most sensitive material to friction and inertia effects among these three materials (rate-independent material, rate-dependent elastic-plastic material, and rate-dependent visco-elastic material). A theoretical analysis based on the conservation of energy is conducted to quantitatively analyze the relationship between the stress measured in the specimen and friction as well as inertia effects. Furthermore, the methods to reduce the influence of friction and inertia effects on the experimental results are further analyzed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Behavior of Metals and Alloys: Modelling, Characterization and Relationship with Microstructure)

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