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Advances in Low-Clinker Cements
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Advances in Low-Clinker Cements

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Construction and Building Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 October 2022) | Viewed by 6729

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Marta Palacios

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja (IETCC), Madrid, Spain
Interests: cement; hydration; chemical admixtures; rheology; supplementary cementitious materials; superplasticizers and accelerating admixtures
Dr. Xinyuan Ke

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK
Interests: cement chemistry; thermodynamic modeling; alkali-activated materials and geopolymers; carbonation and CO2 adsorption; durability of cement and concrete; supplementary cementitious materials; alternative non-Portland cement; advanced characterisation techniques for cementitious materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the last few decades, significant progress has been achieved in increasing the sustainability of cement, the production of which accounts for up to 8% of global CO2 emissions. The partial substitution of clinker by supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is currently one of the most efficient ways to decrease the carbon footprint of cement. This is a well-established practice by the industry, but several limitations still need to be overcome to reach much lower clinker factors. These include the slow reactivity of SCMs that penalizes the early mechanical performance, the availability of suitable SCMs, the need for more effective chemical admixtures to enhance the fluidity of these low clinker blended cements, and further knowledge around their durability.

The main focus of this Special Issue is to present the latest and innovative research to provide a deeper understanding of accessing even lower Portland clinker cements, as well as outline future challenges to achieve these goals. Among others, the following topics should be considered:

  • Reactivity and microstructure development;
  • Rheological properties;
  • Influence of chemical admixtures;
  • Durability;
  • Life cycle assessment (LCA).

Prof. Dr. Marta Palacios
Dr. Xinyuan Ke
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • supplementary cementitious materials
  • rheology
  • hydration
  • microstructure
  • durability
  • chemical admixtures

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 5959 KiB  
Article
Novel 3D Printing Phase Change Aggregate Concrete: Mechanical and Thermal Properties Analysis
by Jinyang Jiang, Chaolang Zheng, Fengjuan Wang, Wenxiang Xu, Liguo Wang, Zhaoyi Chen and Wei Su
Materials 2022, 15(23), 8393; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238393 - 25 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1401
Abstract
The use of phase change materials (PCMs) in concrete is a double-edged sword that improves the thermal inertia but degrades the mechanical properties of concrete. It has been an essential but unsolved issue to enhance the thermal capacity of PCMs while non-decreasing their [...] Read more.
The use of phase change materials (PCMs) in concrete is a double-edged sword that improves the thermal inertia but degrades the mechanical properties of concrete. It has been an essential but unsolved issue to enhance the thermal capacity of PCMs while non-decreasing their mechanical strength. To this end, this work designs a novel 3D printing phase change aggregate to prepare concrete with prominent thermal capacity and ductility. The work investigated the effects of 3D printing phase change aggregate on the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of concrete. The compressive strength of phase change aggregate concrete is 21.18 MPa, but the ductility of concrete improves. The splitting tensile strength was 1.45 MPa. The peak strain is 11.69 × 10−3, nearly 13 times that of basalt aggregate concrete. Moreover, using 3D printing phase change aggregate reduced concrete’s early peak hydration temperature by 7.1%. The thermal insulation capacity of the experiment cube model with phase change concrete has been improved. The results show that the novel 3D printing change aggregate concrete has good mechanical properties and latent heat storage, providing a guideline for applying PCMs in building materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Low-Clinker Cements)
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18 pages, 3708 KiB  
Article
Biomass Bottom Ash as Supplementary Cementitious Material: The Effect of Mechanochemical Pre-Treatment and Mineral Carbonation
by Lorena Skevi, Vahiddin Alperen Baki, Yanjin Feng, Maria Valderrabano and Xinyuan Ke
Materials 2022, 15(23), 8357; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238357 - 24 Nov 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1636
Abstract
The need to mitigate the CO2 emissions deriving from the cement industry becomes imperative as the climate crisis advances. An effective strategy to achieve this is increasing the replacement level of cement clinkers by waste-derived supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). In this study, [...] Read more.
The need to mitigate the CO2 emissions deriving from the cement industry becomes imperative as the climate crisis advances. An effective strategy to achieve this is increasing the replacement level of cement clinkers by waste-derived supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). In this study, the use of mechanochemically activated biomass ash for high-volume (up to 40%) substitution of cement is investigated. The effect of mineral carbonation treatment on the performance of the mechanochemically treated biomass ash as SCM was also examined. The results showed that the mechanochemically treated biomass ash was the most effective SCM, with the respective samples at 40% cement replacement reaching 63% of the strength at 28 days as compared to samples with 100% Portland cement, while only 17% of the strength was achieved in samples with 40% untreated biomass ash. As suggested by the isothermal calorimetry, XRD, FTIR, and TG analysis, the mechanochemical treatment enhanced the reactivity and the filler effect of the biomass ash, leading to improved mechanical performances of these mortars compared to those containing untreated biomass ash. Mineral carbonation reduced the reactivity of the mechanochemically treated biomass ash but still led to better strength performances in comparison to the untreated biomass ash. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Low-Clinker Cements)
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14 pages, 2994 KiB  
Article
Performance of Cement Paste with Denitrified Fly Ash Containing NH4HSO4
by Yuan Wang, Zhi Wang, Hongyi Qin, Linbo Jiang, Jinghang Niu and Zhenhua Liu
Materials 2022, 15(17), 6083; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15176083 - 02 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1088
Abstract
The denitrification process was completed in coal-fired power plants, resulting in the fly ash containing NH4HSO4. When this kind of fly ash with ammonia was applied to cement and concrete, there could be phenomena such as a retarded setting [...] Read more.
The denitrification process was completed in coal-fired power plants, resulting in the fly ash containing NH4HSO4. When this kind of fly ash with ammonia was applied to cement and concrete, there could be phenomena such as a retarded setting time, decreased compressive strength, and volume expansion. This paper mainly investigated the influence of fly ash containing NH4HSO4 on the properties of fly ash cement paste, and pastes with NaHSO4 were set as the control samples. The research on Na+ in cement hydration was studied. The influence of NH4HSO4 content in fly ash on the properties of fly ash cement paste was also investigated. It was found that NH4+ could greatly affect the properties of fly ash cement paste, such as significantly reducing the fluidity, prolonging the setting time, decreasing the compressive strength, increasing the drying shrinkage, decreasing the total heat released during the hydration, and affecting the content of calcium hydroxide hydrate. Increasing the ammonia content of the denitrified fly ash would reduce fluidity, retard its setting time, increase the porosity of the cement stone, and increase the number of pores with large sizes in the fly ash cement paste. The increase of porosity and pores with large sizes in cement decreases the compressive strength and increases the drying shrinkage of the fly ash cement paste. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Low-Clinker Cements)
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19 pages, 6857 KiB  
Article
Influence of Accelerating Admixtures on the Reactivity of Synthetic Aluminosilicate Glasses
by Laura Gonzalez-Panicello, Ines Garcia-Lodeiro, Francisca Puertas and Marta Palacios
Materials 2022, 15(3), 818; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030818 - 21 Jan 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1833
Abstract
This research aims at gaining a further understanding of the impact of accelerating admixtures on the reactivity of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), which are widely used as a clinker replacement in blended cements. This was done on synthetic glasses with controlled composition and [...] Read more.
This research aims at gaining a further understanding of the impact of accelerating admixtures on the reactivity of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), which are widely used as a clinker replacement in blended cements. This was done on synthetic glasses with controlled composition and structure that mimic two types of real SCMs (slag and calcium-rich fly ash). The effects of DEIPA, TIPA, NaSCN and Na2S2O3 on the glass dissolution, hydration kinetics and reaction products were investigated. The obtained results concluded that the pH of the NaOH solution and the composition of the synthetic glass play a key role on the effect of the admixtures. In 0.1 M NaOH (pH = 13.0), all the studied admixtures inhibited the dissolution of slag-like glasses while they enhanced the dissolution of Ca-rich fly ash-like glasses, being Na2S2O3 the admixture that led to the highest increase of the dissolution rate of the Ca-rich fly ash-type glasses. In 1 M NaOH solutions (pH = 13.8), only the alkali admixtures (NaSCN and Na2S2O3) enhanced the degree of reaction of both glasses. In slag-type glasses pastes mixed with 1 M NaOH, the addition of 2% Na2S2O3 induced the highest increase of their reactivity as inferred by the total heat release and the amount of bound water. This is related to the formation of a high amount of S(II)-AFm, in addition to C-A-S-H, that would increase the aluminium undersaturation of the pore solution and consequently the further dissolution of the glass. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Low-Clinker Cements)
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