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Material Processing Through Microwave Energy
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Material Processing Through Microwave Energy

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2025 | Viewed by 2793

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Svilen Petrov Sabchevski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory “Plasma Physics and Engineering”, Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
Interests: high-power terahertz science and technology; coherent radiation sources; gyrotrons; electron-beam technologies; material treatment by charged particle beams; material treatment by microwaves and THz radiation; advanced spectroscopic techniques (ESR, DNP–NMR, XRDMR, etc.) using sub-THz and THz waves; modeling, simulation, and computer-aided design (CAD) of electron optic systems (EOS); free-electron devices and vacuum tubes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nowadays, the treatment of various materials with microwaves is a mature and industrially viable technology that has numerous applications due to its advantages and unique capabilities (e.g., energy efficiency, precise control of the heated area, volumetric heating, etc.) compared to conventional heating. Active research in the field of microwave processing continues to be a driving force for the continuous improvement in the techniques used and their applications to novel and advanced materials.

This Special Issue aims to provide an overview of the latest advances in the processing of materials with microwaves and to assess the prospects for further advances in science and technology in this field. The articles published within in this Special Issue should aim to cover the following topics:

  • Sources of electromagnetic radiation (magnetrons, gyrotrons) used for microwave treatment.
  • Technological systems for microwave processing and their components (applicators, process control units, devices for measuring the dielectric properties of the treated materials, etc.).
  • Microwave properties of materials and their characterization.
  • Processing of advanced ceramics, glasses, metals, and powders.
  • Non-thermal effects during microwave irradiation.
  • Microwave irradiation in organic synthesis.
  • Physical models of thermal treatment with microwaves and numerical simulations of the underlying processes.

Dr. Svilen Petrov Sabchevski
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microwave treatment
  • thermal processes
  • microwave sources
  • magnetron
  • gyrotron
  • microwave properties of materials

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 5117 KiB  
Communication
Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Microwave Synthesis of Nano-Hydroxyapatite from Decarbonized Eggshells
by Morsi M. Mahmoud
Materials 2024, 17(8), 1832; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081832 - 16 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1706
Abstract
The sustainable microwave (MW) synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) from decarbonized eggshells was investigated. Decarbonization of eggshells, as a natural source of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), was carried out in the current study at ambient conditions to reduce the footprint of CO2 [...] Read more.
The sustainable microwave (MW) synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) from decarbonized eggshells was investigated. Decarbonization of eggshells, as a natural source of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), was carried out in the current study at ambient conditions to reduce the footprint of CO2 emissions on our environment where either calcination or acidic direct treatments of eggshells produce CO2 emissions, which is a major cause for global warming. Eggshell decarbonization was carried out via the chemical reaction with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) alkaline solution in order to convert eggshell waste into calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and simultaneously store CO2 as a sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) by-product which is an essential material in many industrial sectors. The produced Ca(OH)2 was mixed with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4) reagent at pH~11 before being subjected to MW irradiation at 2.45 GHz frequency for 5 min using 800 Watts to prepare HAp. The prepared Nano-HAp was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) where the crystal size was ~28 nm using the Scherrer equation. The elongated rod-like nano-HAp crystals were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with dispersive energy X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). MW synthesis of decarbonized eggshells is considered as a sustainable and environmentally friendly route to produce promising bioceramics such as nano-HAp. Concurrently, decarbonization of eggshells offers the ability to store CO2 as a high value-added Na2CO3 material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Material Processing Through Microwave Energy)
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Review

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21 pages, 12178 KiB  
Review
On the Non-Thermal Mechanisms in Microwave Sintering of Materials
by Ming-Syun Lin and Kwo-Ray Chu
Materials 2025, 18(3), 668; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18030668 - 3 Feb 2025
Viewed by 584
Abstract
The microwave sintering of various materials is a promising technology, which has received much attention for its demonstrated potential. Both the conventional (furnace) and microwave sintering rely on thermal activation for particle bonding, for which a high temperature environment is essential. In comparison, [...] Read more.
The microwave sintering of various materials is a promising technology, which has received much attention for its demonstrated potential. Both the conventional (furnace) and microwave sintering rely on thermal activation for particle bonding, for which a high temperature environment is essential. In comparison, microwave treatment achieves the same degree of densification as furnace sintering in a time shorter by a factor of two or higher and at a temperature lower by 5% to 15%. However, this is a phenomenon not yet fully understood and is commonly referred to as a non-thermal effect. Its understanding is a subject of both physics and practical interest. The non-thermal effect has been studied under years of research in order to broaden the applicability of microwave sintering. Here, we first present an overview of experimentally demonstrated advantages of microwave sintering. To facilitate further studies, we then review the literature and put together four commonly recognized interpretations of the non-thermal effects: the ponderomotive force-driven mass transport, magnetism-created cohesive forces, polarization charge-enhanced wave electric field, and polarization charge-induced attractive force among the sintered particles, with an emphasis on recent development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Material Processing Through Microwave Energy)
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