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Size-Dependent and Surface/Interface Effects in Materials

A Special Issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944) belonging to the section "Materials Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 December 2026 | Viewed by 501

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Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
Interests: low-dimensional materials; metal corrosion and protection; new energy materials; thermodynamics of nanomaterials
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

When the dimension of materials enters the nanoscale range, their chemical and physical properties exhibit characteristics different from those of bulk materials. This is because, as the size decreases, the ratio of the number of surface/interface atoms to the total number of atoms in the material continuously increases, making the influence from the surface/interface important. Moreover, this change intensifies as the scales of materials and devices decrease. Therefore, nanocrystals (NCs) and nanostructured materials (NSs) have attracted considerable attention due to their distinct physical and chemical properties compared to bulk materials, where NCs refer to individual nanoscale particles, wires, and films with free surfaces, while NSs refer to nanocrystalline materials composed of nanoscale grains with solid–solid interfaces between them.

Studies show that, when the size of NCs or NSs is comparable to or smaller than the characteristic lengths of phonons, electrons, photons, etc., the periodic boundary is disrupted, leading to abrupt property changes. For example, metal nanoparticles are black (light reflectance <1%), which can be used for infrared stealth, and photothermal conversion. Moreover, their melting point is significantly reduced (such as 2 nm Au powder with a melting point of only 327 °C, much lower than that of bulk gold at 1064 °C). Strikingly, nanoceramics exhibit superplasticity, and traditional brittle materials exhibit high toughness at the nanoscale. Therefore, research on the properties of NCs and NSs is of great significance and importance for their application. This Special Issue focuses on the impact of size effects on material properties, including but not limited to thermal properties, electrical and magnetic properties, optical properties, chemical and catalytic properties, and biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. It is expected that researchers can further report as many distinct properties of materials within the nanoscale range as possible and reveal the mechanisms of their distinct surface or interfacial effects.

Prof. Dr. Yongfu Zhu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • size effect
  • nanocrystals
  • nanostructured materials
  • surface
  • interface
  • chemical and physical properties

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 848 KB  
Article
Evaluation of the Fracture Load of Multilayer Zirconia Onlay Restorations with Different Yttria Contents After Thermomechanical Aging: An In Vitro Study
by Ayşe Rençber Kızılkaya, Kübra Bilge and Aybüke Kara
Materials 2026, 19(16), 3381; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19163381 - 8 Aug 2026
Viewed by 266
Abstract
This in vitro study compared the fracture load of multilayer zirconia onlay restorations with different yttria contents after thermomechanical aging. Standardized CAD/CAM-fabricated onlay restorations were produced from three multilayer zirconia materials: one color-gradient material (KATANA Zirconia UTML; 5Y-TZP) and two strength-gradient materials (KATANA [...] Read more.
This in vitro study compared the fracture load of multilayer zirconia onlay restorations with different yttria contents after thermomechanical aging. Standardized CAD/CAM-fabricated onlay restorations were produced from three multilayer zirconia materials: one color-gradient material (KATANA Zirconia UTML; 5Y-TZP) and two strength-gradient materials (KATANA Zirconia YML, 3–5Y-TZP; IPS e.max ZirCAD MT Multi, 4–5Y-TZP) (n = 10/group). The restorations were cemented onto three-dimensionally printed resin dies and subjected to 240,000 loading cycles and 5000 thermal cycles. Fracture load was measured using a universal testing machine, and the data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, Tukey’s post hoc test, and Weibull analysis (α = 0.05). Fracture load differed significantly among the materials (p = 0.017). The UTML group (395.73 N) exhibited a significantly lower fracture load than the YML group (618.19 N), whereas the ZirCAD MT Multi group (565.24 N) did not differ significantly from either of the other two groups. Weibull analysis revealed no significant differences in modulus among the groups, whereas the characteristic load of the UTML group was significantly lower than that of the other two materials (p = 0.002). Within the conditions of this in vitro study, the strength-gradient materials, which contain lower yttria concentrations in their underlying layers, showed higher fracture loads after thermomechanical aging than the color-gradient material. These findings are limited to the tested laboratory conditions and require clinical confirmation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Size-Dependent and Surface/Interface Effects in Materials)
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