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Optimization and Simulation in Alloy Cutting Processes (Third Edition)

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 April 2026 | Viewed by 1048

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland
Interests: production engineering; construction and operation of machines; physical aspects of the cutting process; precision machining; cutting of difficult-to-cut materials; modeling and simulation of machining processes; additive manufacturing; numerical calculation methods (FEM);CNC machine tools; CAD/CAM systems; measurements of the geometric surface structure and modern manufacturing techniques (HSC, HPC, hard machining, and 3D printing)
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Guest Editor Assistant
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland
Interests: machining and additive methods (SLM, DMLS, FDM); semi finished product processing; difficult-to-cut materials; design and utilization of machining tools

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Modern machining processes increasingly rely on automation and advanced simulation tools to improve productivity, process stability, and dimensional accuracy. Finite element method (FEM)-based software packages, such as DEFORM, Abaqus, and AdvantEdge, enable comprehensive modeling of key phenomena in cutting operations, including chip formation mechanisms, thermal effects, stress distribution, and tool wear progression. These tools significantly reduce the need for costly physical trials and support the optimal selection of machining parameters.

A growing area of interest is the machining of components produced by additive manufacturing (AM) technologies such as SLM, EBM, and FDM. Materials like Ti6Al4V, Inconel 718, and 316L stainless steel manufactured via AM often exhibit unique microstructural characteristics, including anisotropic grain structures, internal porosity, high hardness gradients, and residual stresses. These features can negatively influence machinability by increasing cutting forces, accelerating tool wear, and complicating chip control.

FEM-based simulation is, therefore, essential not only for predicting material behavior during post-processing but also for tailoring machining strategies in order to improve surface integrity and overall process efficiency. Such simulations support the integration of AM with subtractive methods in hybrid manufacturing workflows.

This Special Issue aims to present recent advances in the optimization of cutting processes for modern manufacturing engineering, especially CNC machining, application of modern tools for machining difficult-to-cut materials, modeling and computer simulation of machining, and analysis of physical phenomena existing in the decohesion zone of the machined material.

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit original, high-quality research papers, short communications, and state-of-the-art reviews to this Special Issue.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Wojciech Zębala
Guest Editor

Dr. Emilia Franczyk
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • machining
  • CNC machining
  • CAD/CAM systems
  • optimization
  • simulation
  • FEM
  • additive manufacturing
  • difficult-to-cut materials
  • microstructure
  • hybrid manufacturing

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2155 KB  
Article
Analysis of Stator Material Influence on BLDC Motor Performance
by Daniel Ziemiański, Gabriela Chwalik-Pilszyk and Grzegorz Dudzik
Materials 2025, 18(19), 4630; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18194630 - 7 Oct 2025
Viewed by 403
Abstract
Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are increasingly used in industrial applications due to their high efficiency, reliability, and low weight. However, their performance strongly depends on the electromagnetic properties of stator and rotor core materials. This study evaluates six BLDC motor configurations, employing materials [...] Read more.
Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are increasingly used in industrial applications due to their high efficiency, reliability, and low weight. However, their performance strongly depends on the electromagnetic properties of stator and rotor core materials. This study evaluates six BLDC motor configurations, employing materials such as M19 electrical steel, 1010 low-carbon steel, magnetic PLA, and ABS, and analyzes their impact using FEMM 4.2 finite element simulations. Key electromagnetic characteristics—including flux linkage, Back-EMF, torque, and torque ripple—were compared across configurations. The reference motor with M19 steel stator and 1010 steel rotor achieved ~7 mWb flux linkage, ~39 V pk–pk Back-EMF, and 1.44 Nm torque with ~49% ripple, confirming the suitability of laminated steels for high-power-density designs. Substituting M19 with 1010 steel in the stator reduced torque by less than 10%, indicating material interchangeability with minimal performance loss. By contrast, polymer-based designs exhibited drastic degradation: magnetic PLA yielded only 3.5% of the baseline torque with sixfold ripple increase, while ABS delivered nearly zero torque and >700% ripple. Hybrid configurations improved PLA-based results by 15–20%, though they remained far below ferromagnetic cores. Overall, results demonstrate a nearly linear relationship between material permeability and both flux linkage and Back-EMF, alongside a sharp rise in torque ripple at low permeability. The findings highlight the advantages of ferromagnetic and laminated steel cores for efficiency and stability, while polymer and hybrid cores are limited to lightweight demonstrator applications. Full article
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18 pages, 6151 KB  
Article
Impact of Cutting Parameters and Tool Type on Surface Finish in MQL Turning of Inconel 625
by Magdalena Machno, Wojciech Zębala and Emilia Franczyk
Materials 2025, 18(19), 4617; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18194617 - 6 Oct 2025
Viewed by 497
Abstract
Inconel 625 is a nickel-based superalloy widely applied in aerospace and energy sectors due to its high strength and corrosion resistance. However, its poor machinability remains a significant challenge in precision manufacturing. This study investigates the influence of tool geometry and cutting parameters [...] Read more.
Inconel 625 is a nickel-based superalloy widely applied in aerospace and energy sectors due to its high strength and corrosion resistance. However, its poor machinability remains a significant challenge in precision manufacturing. This study investigates the influence of tool geometry and cutting parameters on surface roughness of Inconel 625 during turning operations under the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions. Experiments were carried out using three types of cutting inserts with distinct chip breaker geometries while systematically varying the cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. The results were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the significance of individual factors. The findings reveal that both the type of cutting insert and the process parameters have a considerable effect on surface roughness, which is the key output examined in this study. Cutting forces and chip type were examined to provide complementary insights and improve understanding of the observed relationships. Based on the results, an optimal set of cutting data was proposed to achieve a required surface roughness during the turning of Inconel 625 with MQL. Furthermore, a practical algorithm was developed to support the selection of cutting parameters in industrial applications. Analysis of the results showed that a cutting insert with a 0.4 mm corner radius achieved the required surface finish (Rz ≤ 0.4 µm). Furthermore, the analysis revealed a significant effect of the thermal properties of Inconel 625 on machining results and chip geometry. Full article
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