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Durability and Self-Healing Properties of Concrete Materials Under Realistic Conditions

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Construction and Building Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2026 | Viewed by 1126

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
Interests: development of advanced materials for the construction sector (self-healing and self-sensing concretes, as well as alkali-activated materials); physical, microstructural, and mechanical characterization of materials; materials aging and decay
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Structural, Geotechnical and Building Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
Interests: mechanics of materials and structures; cement-based materials; alkali-activated materials; self-healing concrete; self-sensing concrete; durability; non-destructive testing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Self-healing is an ability known for enhancing the long-term durability of concrete structures by enabling crack repair, thereby reducing maintenance demands over service life and mitigating environmental impacts. Numerous self-healing technologies have been developed over the last two decades and applied to a broad range of cementitious materials, with their performance predominantly evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. Although such idealized testing environments, often tailored to specific self-healing mechanisms, are effective in demonstrating healing potential, they do not adequately capture the complexity of real exposure conditions. For these reasons, there is a critical need to rigorously assess the robustness, reliability, and effectiveness of self-healing systems under realistic simulated environments and in full-scale practical applications prior to their adoption by the market. Therefore, this Special Issue aims to collect research articles and review papers merging self-healing properties and the durability of concrete structures assessed under realistic conditions.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Self-healing mortar;
  • Self-healing concrete;
  • Concrete structure durability;
  • Realistic simulated conditions;
  • Real environmental conditions.

Prof. Dr. Jean-Marc Tulliani
Dr. Paola Antonaci
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • self-healing concrete
  • self-healing mortar
  • durability
  • accelerated tests
  • realistic environments
  • real exposure conditions

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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25 pages, 5074 KB  
Article
Study on the Performance Enhancement Mechanism of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Hydraulic Concrete in Ship Lock Galleries
by Benkun Lu, Jie Chen, Shuncheng Xiang, Zhe Peng, Changyu Liu and Linna Li
Materials 2026, 19(7), 1333; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19071333 - 27 Mar 2026
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Abstract
This study investigated the enhancement mechanisms and optimal mix proportion of basalt fiber (BF) in concrete for ship lock galleries. It focused on improving crack resistance, freeze–thaw resistance, impermeability, and abrasion–erosion resistance under complex hydraulic environments. Single-factor tests first determined the reasonable parameter [...] Read more.
This study investigated the enhancement mechanisms and optimal mix proportion of basalt fiber (BF) in concrete for ship lock galleries. It focused on improving crack resistance, freeze–thaw resistance, impermeability, and abrasion–erosion resistance under complex hydraulic environments. Single-factor tests first determined the reasonable parameter ranges, which were subsequently used in a three-factor, four-level orthogonal experiment to analyze the effects of the water-to-binder ratio, fiber content, and fiber length on concrete’s mechanical properties. Range analysis of the orthogonal experiment indicated that the water-to-binder ratio was the most dominant factor (R = 57.4), followed by fiber content. Based on this, further durability tests were conducted, including ring restraint cracking, impermeability, freeze–thaw resistance, and abrasion–erosion resistance. Multi-objective optimization was performed using full factorial experiments and a comprehensive performance evaluation system. The final optimal mix proportion was determined as: a water-to-binder ratio of 0.35, a fiber content of 0.2%, and a fiber length of 12 mm. With this mix, the concrete’s ring cracking time was extended by 69.9%, the relative dynamic elastic modulus retention reached 73.0% after 100 freeze–thaw cycles, the relative permeability coefficient was 1.04 × 10−6 cm/h, and the abrasion–erosion resistance strength increased to 7.05 h·m2/kg, which achieved an optimal synergy among the mechanical properties, key durability indicators, and their workability. Mechanism analysis revealed that BF formed a three-dimensional, randomly distributed fiber network that comprehensively enhanced concrete performance through multi-scale mechanisms, including bridging, pore refinement, and energy dissipation. This research has provided systematic experimental evidence and mix proportion support for the durability design and engineering application of BF concrete in ship lock galleries. Full article
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Review

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26 pages, 2893 KB  
Review
Volume Deformation Control of Concrete for Hydraulic Structures Using Polyurethane-Modified Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer: A Review
by Benkun Lu, Jie Chen, Shuncheng Xiang, Zhe Peng, Changyu Liu, Yafeng Ouyang, Yuelin Li and Jing Zhang
Materials 2026, 19(8), 1648; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19081648 - 20 Apr 2026
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Abstract
As a widely used building material, the performance of concrete has a far-reaching impact on the quality and durability of hydraulic engineering. Polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) plays an increasingly important role in concrete engineering because of its unique high-efficiency water-reducing performance and the improvement [...] Read more.
As a widely used building material, the performance of concrete has a far-reaching impact on the quality and durability of hydraulic engineering. Polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) plays an increasingly important role in concrete engineering because of its unique high-efficiency water-reducing performance and the improvement effect on concrete performance. In this paper, the application and influence of polycarboxylate in concrete, including its chemical structure, action mechanism and application effect, are reviewed. It is found that polycarboxylate can greatly reduce the shrinkage of concrete and control its volume deformation. The objective of this review is to elucidate the mechanisms by which polyurethane-modified polycarboxylate (MPCE) reduces autogenous and drying shrinkage in concrete and to demonstrate its advantages over conventional PCE. On this basis, we focus on the core research object of MPCE and discuss in depth its effect on reducing the surface tension of concrete pore solution and the intrinsic mechanism of regulating volume deformation. The research clarifies the superior performance of MPCE over ordinary PCE in inhibiting autogenous shrinkage and drying shrinkage in concrete, which provides a targeted scientific basis for the practical application of MPCE in concrete volume deformation control. Full article
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