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Dental Biomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications

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Dr. Md Sofiqul Islam

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Department of Operative Dentistry, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah P.O. Box 12973, United Arab Emirates
Interests: dental ceramics; resin composites; microhardness; surface roughness

Dr. Kusai Baroudi

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Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
Interests: dental ceramics; resin composites; microhardness; surface roughness
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Dear Colleagues,

Dental biomaterials play a crucial role in modern dentistry, contributing to the development of durable, biocompatible, and esthetically pleasing restorations. Advances in material science have led to innovative dental materials with enhanced mechanical properties, bioactivity, and longevity. The synthesis and characterization of these materials are fundamental in ensuring their clinical success and optimizing their performance in various applications, including restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, orthodontics, and implantology.

This Special Issue of Materials aims to explore the latest advancements in dental biomaterials, focusing on their synthesis, characterization techniques, and clinical applications. Topics of interest include novel composite resins, bioactive ceramics, hybrid polymers, nanomaterials, adhesives, and regenerative biomaterials. Additionally, studies on mechanical behavior, surface modifications, biocompatibility, and the long-term performance of dental materials are welcome.

By bringing together interdisciplinary research, this Special Issue seeks to provide valuable insights into the development of next-generation dental biomaterials that improve patient outcomes and enhance the efficiency of dental treatments. Researchers, material scientists, and dental professionals are invited to contribute original research, reviews, and case studies that highlight emerging trends and innovations in the field.

Dr. Md Sofiqul Islam
Dr. Kusai Baroudi
Guest Editors

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15 pages, 2093 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Different Innovative Laser Implants Characteristics Histomorphometric and SEM-EDX Comparison for In Vivo Applications

by Filiberto Mastrangelo, Marco Cicciù, Raimondo Quaresima and Antonio Scarano

Materials 2025, 18(13), 3165; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18133165 - 3 Jul 2025

Abstract

Objectives: In the animal model, we aim to evaluate the bone behavior in two innovative and different laser-treated (L1–L2) titanium implants compared to sandblasted and acid-etched (SBAE) used as control. Materials and Methods: A total of twenty-seven dental implants (8.5 × 3.3 mm) used for the study (Sweden & Martina, Due Carraie Padova-Italy) were placed in three Pelibuey female sheep. Implant surface profilometric, contact angle and EDX analysis were detected. After 15, 30 and 90 days, histological, histomorphometric, SEM-EDX analysis and Bone-to-implant Contact (BIC), Dynamic Osseointegration Index (DOI) and Bone Quality Index (BQI) (as Calcium and Phosphorous atomic percentages ratio) were performed. Results: All surfaces showed relevant profilometric and wettability differences. After 15 days, BIC₁₅ showed great differences in L2 (42.1 ± 2.6) compared to L1 (5.2 ± 3.1) and SBAE (23.3 ± 3.9) as well as after 30 days (L2 (82.4 ± 2.2), L1 (56.2 ± 1.3) and SBAE (77.3 ± 0.4)). After 90 days, relevant lower BIC₉₀ values were detected in L1 (68.4 ± 0.2) compared to L2 (86.4 ± 0.1) and SBAE (86.2 ± 0.6). The DOI showed higher rates of bone growth in L2 after 15 (DOI₁₅ = 2.81) and 30 days (DOI₃₀ = 2.83), compared to L1 (DOI₁₅ = 0.38, DOI₃₀ = 3.40) and SBAE (DOI₁₅ = 1.55, DOI₃₀ = 2.58). The DOI₉₀ drastic slowdown in SBAE (0.96), L1 (0.76), and L2 (0.95) confirmed the Early Osseointegration (EO) as a crucial phase. Moreover, before loading, the lower global BQI in L1 (Ca 44.43 ± 0.08–P 46.14 ± 5.15) and SBAE (Ca 45.31 ± 2.08–P 48.28 ± 1.12) compared to L2 (Ca 79.81 ± 2.08–P 81.85 ± 3.14) allows to assert that osseointegration process and bone healing could not be considered complete if compared to the native bone. Conclusions: The BIC, DOI, and BQI results showed that osseointegration is a dynamic process, confirming the crucial role of surface characteristics able to influence it, especially the early osseointegration (EO) phase. The short-time L2 implants’ higher bone quantity and quality results, compared to L1 and SBAE, suggested the fundamental role of this innovative laser-obtained surface in “secondary stability” and predictable long-term clinical outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Biomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications)

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