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Transforming Construction Industry: Advances and Perspectives in Sustainable Cementitious and Cementless Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Green Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2026 | Viewed by 3164

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: eco-friendly building materials; sustainable concrete and mortar; green concrete; recycled aggregates concrete; alternative aggregates; concrete recycling supplementary cementitious materials; characterization of sustainable cementitious and alkali-activated materials; cement construction materials; nanomaterials; dispersed reinforcement; ultra-high-performance concrete; reinforced concrete/mortar properties; sustainability and environmental impact assessment of concrete materials; nondestructive testing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building Services, The “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
Interests: nanomaterials; sustainable concrete; supplementary cementitious materials; recycled aggregates concrete; behaviour of concrete at elevated temperatures; reinforced concrete structures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor Assistant
School of Built Environment, Engineering and Computing, Leeds Beckett University, Northern Terrace Building, Queen Square Court, City Campus, Leeds LS2 8AJ, UK
Interests: artificial intelligence (AI); machine learning; deep learning; automation in construction; fracture mechanics; pavements; AI-powered pavement monitoring; AI-powered pavement distress detection; low-temperature cracking of asphalt mixtures; sustainable bituminous mixtures

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: concrete; ultra-high-performance concrete; reinforced concrete structures; recycled aggregates concrete; sustainable concrete; nanomaterials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to promote novel scientific papers, presenting innovative cement-based composites for applications in the construction industry.

After water, concrete is the second most used material worldwide and certainly one of the most versatile building materials for structural or non-structural applications. Another recurrent category of materials is represented by those applied in rendering processes and repair and cosmetic works, among which mortar is by far the material of choice in all its diversity in terms of composition and areas of application.

Sustainable bituminous mixtures such as asphalt concrete (AC) play a key role in transportation infrastructure. Following the net-zero approach, these materials can be designed using recycled components with varying amounts of aggregates or additives to replace the binder or virgin aggregate to inflict the least ecological and environmental impact. As the engineering characteristics of the viscoelastic binder are very complex and time- and temperature-dependent for these mixtures, a range of advanced performance testing and analyses is required to ensure the robust performance of the sustainable mixtures.

In recent years, the integration of innovative materials and multi-scale characterization techniques has further advanced the design and performance assessment of asphalt concrete. The incorporation of polymer-modified binders, nanomaterials, and bio-based additives has shown promise in enhancing durability, resistance to fatigue, and long-term sustainability. Moreover, computational modeling and machine learning approaches are increasingly being utilized to predict material behavior under various loading and environmental conditions, facilitating the optimization of mixture designs. These advancements contribute to the development of resilient asphalt concrete designs that align with modern sustainability and resilience goals in transportation engineering.

The composite materials of the future should also be environmentally friendly whilst exhibiting superior fresh-state and durability properties. Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), generated by alternative resources such as recycled waste powders, should not only replace part of the cement mix but should also prove to be substitutes for non-renewable natural sources, whether in the form of aggregates or dispersed reinforcement.

In recent years, it is the end-of-life recycling companies that have been encouraging university researchers to develop practical environmental solutions. The industry is eager to collect, recycle and produce concrete mixes that use alternative materials, such as paving blocks, paving flags, kerb units, interlocking concrete blocks or infrastructure-related products. Once the ”zero” production stage is reached, the next step is to submit and receive approval for the products to be commercially available.

In conclusion, the use of recycled waste in cementitious composites not only improves material performance but also contributes to more sustainable construction practices. These characteristics make green composites an attractive option for the future of the construction industry.

Dear Colleagues, the Editorial Board kindly invites you to submit manuscripts that may raise the awareness level of environmentally friendly composites that tap into the remaining recycling potential of waste products and thus strengthen the competitiveness of the construction industry.

The topics addressed in this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Role of supplementary cementitious materials in enhancing the properties of mortar/concrete and reducing the carbon footprint of construction industry;
  • Sustainable concrete for structural applications;
  • Road and asphalt concrete for greener roads;
  • Aggregates in concrete from alternative sources—recycled or natural;
  • Innovative approach for assessing the environmental impact of concrete;
  • Synergistic effect of SCMs and recycled aggregates on mechanical and durability properties of cement-based materials;
  • Novel techniques for assessing the internal structure of cement-based materials.
  • Sustainable 3D-printing concrete

The list of proposed keywords is meant to encourage your active initiative and lead to the creation of informative and inspirational content.

Dr. Ofelia-Cornelia Corbu
Dr. Ionut Ovidiu Toma
Guest Editors

Dr. Sepehr Ghaffari
Dr. Dumitru Vasile Moldovan
Guest Editors Assistants

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • supplementary cementitious materials
  • asphalt concrete
  • nano-materials
  • recycled aggregates
  • recycling industrial wastes
  • alternative aggregate
  • alternative binders
  • low carbon

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

27 pages, 6245 KB  
Article
Performance of High-Workability Mortars Incorporating Metakaolin as a Partial Cement Replacement
by Natividad Garcia-Troncoso, Mohamad Alnasser, Chenmeng Zhang and Dan V. Bompa
Materials 2026, 19(8), 1558; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19081558 - 14 Apr 2026
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of metakaolin (MK) as a partial replacement of cement (CEM I) in high-workability mortars, with emphasis on fresh-state behaviour, mechanical properties, microstructural development, and carbon footprint implications. Mortars were produced with MK replacement levels ranging from 0 to [...] Read more.
This study investigates the effect of metakaolin (MK) as a partial replacement of cement (CEM I) in high-workability mortars, with emphasis on fresh-state behaviour, mechanical properties, microstructural development, and carbon footprint implications. Mortars were produced with MK replacement levels ranging from 0 to 50% by mass of binder, under a constant water-to-binder ratio and fixed superplasticiser amount. Fresh-state results showed that increasing MK content reduced flowability due to its high fineness; however, high workability was maintained for replacement levels up to 20%. At 28 days, MK replacement up to 10% retains approximately 90–95% of the control compressive and flexural strength, whereas higher replacement levels lead to gradual strength reductions (to ~55–60% at 50% MK), despite comparable early-age strength gains across all mixes. Durability-related indicators demonstrated reduced water absorption and capillary uptake at moderate MK contents (approximately 20–30%), indicating refined pore structure and reduced pore connectivity. Microstructural analyses using SEM, TGA, and XRD confirmed effective portlandite consumption and the formation of dense C–A–S–H-type hydration products at moderate MK replacement levels, whereas excessive MK contents resulted in unreacted MK. A comparative carbon footprint assessment showed that MK incorporation leads to proportional reductions in embodied CO2 emissions, with replacement levels of 10–20% providing the most favourable balance between mechanical performance, durability, and environmental benefit. Therefore, the results demonstrate that MK can be used as a supplementary cementitious material for producing low-carbon, high-workability mortars. Full article
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19 pages, 4776 KB  
Article
Low-Field NMR for Carbon-Modified Cements: Dispersion and Hydration Studies
by Mihai M. Rusu, Karoly Mostis, Codrut Costinas and Ioan Ardelean
Materials 2026, 19(3), 528; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19030528 - 29 Jan 2026
Viewed by 818
Abstract
This study investigates the interface between cement hydration, low-field NMR relaxometry, and the incorporation of carbon-based fillers into cementitious materials. The objective is to provide NMR-based insights into how carbon black (CB) and an acrylic superplasticizer (SP) influence cement hydration and the resulting [...] Read more.
This study investigates the interface between cement hydration, low-field NMR relaxometry, and the incorporation of carbon-based fillers into cementitious materials. The objective is to provide NMR-based insights into how carbon black (CB) and an acrylic superplasticizer (SP) influence cement hydration and the resulting microstructural evolution. CB was integrated into white Portland cement (WPC) using both wet and dry mixing approaches, with water content and SP dosage varied independently. First, water-based “inks” containing different SP/CB weight ratios were prepared and evaluated through dynamic light scattering (DLS) and ζ-potential measurements to assess colloidal stability and dispersibility. For the wet-mixing route, an in situ NMR experiment was performed to monitor the progressive incorporation of carbon ink into cement pastes while increasing the water content. The ability to distinguish ink-related signals from those originating from the cement paste represents a promising step toward non-destructive assessments of carbon dispersion in fresh pastes. Separately, ex situ NMR measurements were performed on samples extracted from dry-mixed pastes with various SP dosages. These experiments mark the SP-induced delay in hydration and the refinement of the pore network that is also associated with improved particle dispersion. Complementary optical microscopy (OM) and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) measurements on hardened samples corroborate the NMR findings. Full article
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19 pages, 2074 KB  
Article
Evaluation of Cement Composites with Heavy Metal-Contaminated Recycled Aggregate: Toward Sustainable Utilization
by Tilen Turk, Petra Štukovnik, Marjan Marinšek and Violeta Bokan Bosiljkov
Materials 2025, 18(24), 5533; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18245533 - 9 Dec 2025
Viewed by 592
Abstract
The use of recycled aggregate provides clear environmental advantages but may introduce chemical interactions that influence cement hydration, particularly when the material originates from mining by-products containing heavy metals. This study examines cementitious composites containing different volume fractions of recycled aggregate derived from [...] Read more.
The use of recycled aggregate provides clear environmental advantages but may introduce chemical interactions that influence cement hydration, particularly when the material originates from mining by-products containing heavy metals. This study examines cementitious composites containing different volume fractions of recycled aggregate derived from Pb–Zn mine tailings and identifies the mechanisms responsible for the observed early-age hydration delay. The recycled aggregate was characterized using XRD, hydration was monitored through ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and temperature evolution, mechanical performance was assessed at 1, 3, and 7 days, and phase evolution was interpreted using SEM-EDS and thermodynamic equilibrium modeling (GEMS/Cemdata18). The results show that heavy-metal-bearing phases (Zn-, Pb-, and Fe-sulfides/sulfates) promote the formation of metastable metal–silicate complexes, temporarily lowering the oxidation potential and delaying setting by up to 28 h in mixtures containing 100% recycled aggregate. Early-age strength was substantially reduced; however, by day 7, all mixtures except that with 100% recycled aggregate approached the strength of the reference mixtures with natural aggregate. Despite these effects, recycled aggregate can be safely incorporated at replacement levels up to 25 vol.%, which preserves acceptable fresh and hardened properties. Nevertheless, the presence of persistent sulfate-bearing phases (e.g., epsomite, anglesite) indicates a potential for long-term sulfate release and associated durability risks, warranting further investigation. Full article
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18 pages, 7503 KB  
Article
Characterization of Self-Compacting Concrete at the Age of 7 Years Using Industrial Computed Tomography
by Oana-Mihaela Banu, Sergiu-Mihai Alexa-Stratulat, Aliz-Eva Mathe, Giuseppe Brando and Ionut-Ovidiu Toma
Materials 2025, 18(19), 4524; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18194524 - 29 Sep 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 859
Abstract
The pore structure of SCC and of all cement-based materials plays a crucial role on the mechanical and durability characteristics of the material. The pore structure is affected by mix design, water–binder ratio and the incorporation of SCM and/or nanomaterials, all of which [...] Read more.
The pore structure of SCC and of all cement-based materials plays a crucial role on the mechanical and durability characteristics of the material. The pore structure is affected by mix design, water–binder ratio and the incorporation of SCM and/or nanomaterials, all of which can improve mechanical and durability characteristics by decreasing porosity. Computed tomography (CT) is a powerful, non-destructive imaging technique to investigate the internal pore structure of concrete. The main advantage compared to other investigation techniques used to assess the pore structure is in terms of sample size. More specifically, industrial CT can be used to scan large concrete samples and be able to assess the internal pore structure without damaging the specimen. CT provides accurate measurements of pore diameters, volumes and shapes and enables the assessment of the total porosity. The paper presents the results of an experimental program on the characterization of self-compacting concrete (SCC) at a very long age (7 years) in terms of static and dynamic elastic properties and compressive and splitting tensile strength, all of which are correlated with the internal pore structure assessed via the use of an industrial Nikon XTH 450 CT. The results highlight the influence of pore volume, maximum pore diameter and sphericity on the strength and elastic properties of SCC at the age of 7 years. Both the compressive strength and the static modulus of elasticity values tend to decrease with the increase in the internal total porosity, with stronger influence on the former. Full article
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