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Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of Additive Manufactured Alloys
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Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of Additive Manufactured Alloys

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2026 | Viewed by 1206

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Junxia Lv

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Interests: microstructure and deformation behavior of additive manufactured materials; in situ electron microscopy characterization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Additive manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized the production of alloys by enabling complex geometries and customized properties. The mechanical properties and deformation behavior of additive manufactured alloys are critical for their applications in various industries, including the aerospace, automotive, and biomedical fields. These alloys often exhibit unique characteristics due to the rapid cooling and solidification processes involved in AM, which can lead to fine microstructures and enhanced mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, ductility, and fatigue resistance.

However, the deformation behavior of these alloys can differ significantly from traditionally manufactured materials due to unique microstructural features such as cellular structure, residual stresses, heterogeneous grain structures, and anisotropy. In addition, factors such as layer thickness, printing parameters, and post-processing treatments play a crucial role in determining the final microstructures and mechanical properties. Understanding the relationship between the microstructure and the mechanical performance is essential for optimizing the additive manufacturing process.

The Special Issue, titled "Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of Additive Manufactured Alloys", is dedicated to publishing studies focused on the in-depth exploration of the additive manufacturing process applied to metallic materials, with a specific focus on investigating the microstructure, mechanical properties, and deformation behaviors of the resulting materials.

Dr. Junxia Lv
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metal alloys
  • additive manufacturing
  • laser powder bed fusion
  • direct energy deposition
  • electron beam powder bed fusion
  • mechanical properties
  • deformation behavior
  • advanced materials design

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 4194 KB  
Article
Strength–Ductility Balance of HIP+HT-Treated LPBF GH3536 Alloy via In Situ EBSD: The Role of Annealing Twins
by Changshuo Zhang, Xiaopeng Cheng, Junxia Lu, Shuai Huang and Bingqing Chen
Materials 2025, 18(23), 5306; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235306 - 25 Nov 2025
Viewed by 292
Abstract
Nickel-based GH3536 alloys prepared by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) exhibit a mismatch between strength and ductility during the tensile process, which severely restricts their engineering applications in the aerospace field. In order to optimize their performance, this study adopted hot isostatic pressing [...] Read more.
Nickel-based GH3536 alloys prepared by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) exhibit a mismatch between strength and ductility during the tensile process, which severely restricts their engineering applications in the aerospace field. In order to optimize their performance, this study adopted hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and subsequent heat treatment (HT) to modify the material. The microstructural evolution of the HIP+HT-treated GH3536 alloy during deformation, including grain rotation, grain boundary migration, and dislocation slip transfer behaviors, was systematically investigated at room temperature using in situ tensile experiments. The relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties was elucidated in greater depth by combining theoretical calculations. The experimental results show that after HIP+HT treatment, the elongation of the alloy increased significantly from 36.5% in the as-built LPBF condition to 45.3 ± 1.6% without a significant reduction in ultimate tensile strength. The plasticity enhancement is mainly attributed to the elimination of defects and the formation of annealing twins. In addition, the formation of substructures inside the grains also delays the fracture of the specimen to some extent. This study is expected to provide a reference for the subsequent optimization of the mechanical properties of alloys via heat treatment processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of Additive Manufactured Alloys)
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18 pages, 8743 KB  
Article
Unveiling the Role of Graphite Morphology in Ductile Iron: A 3D FEM-Based Micromechanical Framework for Damage Evolution and Mechanical Performance Prediction with Applicability to Multiphase Alloys
by Jing Tao, Yufei Jiang, Shuhui Xie, Yujian Wang, Ziyue Zhou, Lingxiao Fu, Chengrong Mao, Lingyu Li, Junrui Huang and Shichao Liu
Materials 2025, 18(22), 5128; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18225128 - 11 Nov 2025
Viewed by 353
Abstract
The mechanical performance of cast iron is strongly governed by the morphology of its graphite phase, yet establishing a quantitative link between microstructure and macroscopic properties remains a challenge. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element method (FEM)-based micromechanical framework is proposed to [...] Read more.
The mechanical performance of cast iron is strongly governed by the morphology of its graphite phase, yet establishing a quantitative link between microstructure and macroscopic properties remains a challenge. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element method (FEM)-based micromechanical framework is proposed to analyze and predict the mechanical behavior of cast iron with representative graphite morphologies, spheroidal and flake graphite. Realistic representative volume elements (RVEs) are reconstructed based on experimental microstructural characterization and literature-based X-ray computed tomography data, ensuring geometric fidelity and statistical representativeness. Cohesive zone modeling (CZM) is implemented at the graphite/matrix interface and within the graphite phase to simulate interfacial debonding and brittle fracture, respectively. Full-field simulations of plastic strain and stress evolution under uniaxial tensile loading reveal that spheroidal graphite promotes uniform deformation, delayed damage initiation, and enhanced ductility through effective stress distribution and progressive plastic flow. In contrast, flake graphite induces severe stress concentration at sharp tips, leading to early microcrack nucleation and rapid crack propagation along the flake planes, resulting in brittle-like failure. The simulated stress–strain responses and failure modes are consistent with experimental observations, validating the predictive capability of the model. This work establishes a microstructure–property relationship in multiphase alloys through a physics-informed computational approach, demonstrating the potential of FEM-based modeling as a powerful tool for performance prediction and microstructure-guided design of cast iron and other heterogeneous materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of Additive Manufactured Alloys)
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15 pages, 6711 KB  
Article
Influence of Titanium Content on the Microstructure and Tensile Behavior of Cold-Spray Additively Manufactured Copper-Titanium Composites
by Jia Cheng, Jibo Huang, Haifan Li, Kejie Zhang, Tao Chen, Haiming Lan and Renzhong Huang
Materials 2025, 18(22), 5100; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18225100 - 10 Nov 2025
Viewed by 361
Abstract
Cold-spray additive manufacturing (CSAM) is an emerging solid-state deposition technology that effectively mitigates common defects associated with conventional thermal processes, such as oxidation, phase transformation, and residual stresses. In this study, copper–titanium (Cu-Ti) composite coatings were fabricated via high-pressure CSAM using mixed powders [...] Read more.
Cold-spray additive manufacturing (CSAM) is an emerging solid-state deposition technology that effectively mitigates common defects associated with conventional thermal processes, such as oxidation, phase transformation, and residual stresses. In this study, copper–titanium (Cu-Ti) composite coatings were fabricated via high-pressure CSAM using mixed powders with Ti contents of 3, 6, and 10 wt.%. The influence of Ti content and post-heat treatment (350–400 °C) on the tensile properties of the composites was systematically investigated. The results indicate that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) remained consistently within the range of 265–285 MPa under all conditions, showing only a mild positive correlation with Ti content. In contrast, ductility was significantly influenced by Ti addition, with elongation decreasing markedly as the Ti content increased. Notably, the composite with 3 wt.% Ti heat-treated at 400 °C exhibited a well-balanced combination of tensile strength (270 MPa) and ductility (20% elongation). These findings demonstrate that CSAM-fabricated Cu-Ti composites possess attractive mechanical properties, which can be tailored through Ti content and heat treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of Additive Manufactured Alloys)
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