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Novel Dental Materials Design and Application

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 December 2025 | Viewed by 1661

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: dental materials; pedodontics; caries prevention; caries therapy; implantology; dental trauma; operative dentistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Today's development of materials, and the development of nanotechnology and biocompatible materials in particular, has contributed to the emergence of better materials and procedures in medicine not only in the laboratory aspect but also in clinical use. Because of this, modern materials enable us to achieve better clinical success in treatment and better quality throughout the clinical period.

We have a large number of materials obtained through nanotechnology, with much better laboratory characteristics than older generation materials. Of particular note is the huge progress in composite materials for restorative dentistry, biocompatible materials for treatment and regeneration, new forms of dental ceramics and alloys, and, of course, huge progress in dental implantology. Osseointegrating materials enable bone and tissue replacement and, with biocompatible and advanced osteointegrating implants, solve the problems we had before. In order to significantly reduce the discrepancy between science and practice, the analysis of modern materials and treatment procedures between laboratory and clinical work is of crucial importance. Laboratory methods and results from the research of materials and their physical characteristics allow us to apply these same materials in clinical research, especially if it concerns biomedicine and related branches.

Therefore, I invite researchers of various professions involved in the clinical and laboratory analysis of modern materials and procedures in biomedicine and dentistry to contribute their scientific works to the advancement of science and technology so that we have better treatment methods to choose from.

Prof. Dr. Walter Dukić
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • dental materials
  • composite materials
  • nanotechnology
  • ceramics
  • operative dentistry
  • biocompatible materials
  • treatment outcome
  • clinical relevance
  • biomaterials
  • clinical relevance

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1952 KB  
Article
Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Titanium Alloy Titanflex® Compared to Conventional Materials for Removable Denture Bases: An Experimental Study
by Ana Šango, Janoš Kodvanj, Petra Tariba Knežević, Davor Vučinić, Petra Besedić and Višnja Katić
Materials 2025, 18(19), 4563; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18194563 - 30 Sep 2025
Abstract
This study investigates the mechanical properties of titanium (Titanflex®) and cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys for potential use in removable denture bases. Titanium alloys have gained attention due to their biocompatibility and regulatory concerns surrounding Co-Cr, which has been classified as a carcinogenic, mutagenic, and [...] Read more.
This study investigates the mechanical properties of titanium (Titanflex®) and cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys for potential use in removable denture bases. Titanium alloys have gained attention due to their biocompatibility and regulatory concerns surrounding Co-Cr, which has been classified as a carcinogenic, mutagenic, and toxic to reproduction (CMR) substance under EU MDR (2017/745). Using selective laser melting (SLM), test specimens of Titanflex® and Co-Cr alloys were 3D-printed at different angles (0°, 45°, 90°) and compared to conventionally cast Co-Cr samples. Tensile testing was conducted to assess modulus of elasticity (E), proof stress (Rp0.2), ultimate tensile strength (Rm), elongation parameters (Ag, Agt, At), and maximum load (Fm). Results showed that Titanflex® printed at 45° (Ti45) exhibited the highest Rp0.2, Rm, and Fm, indicating superior strength and plastic resistance. Ti0 displayed the greatest elongation properties, highlighting titanium’s ductility. Co-Cr alloys demonstrated higher stiffness but lower ductility. Printing orientation significantly influenced mechanical properties, particularly in 3D-printed samples. Overall, Ti45 presented a balanced profile of strength and flexibility, making it a promising candidate for denture bases, while Co-Cr remains a rigid alternative with established clinical use. Future research should explore long-term performance under functional and biological conditions to guide clinical application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Dental Materials Design and Application)
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14 pages, 2602 KB  
Article
Fitting Accuracy and Constraint Force Measurement of Complete-Arch Implant-Supported Fixed Dental Prostheses Made from Cobalt-Chromium and Zirconia Frameworks Based on the All-on-Four Treatment Concept
by Laura Horsch, Cedric Kirsch, Andreas Zenthöfer, Peter Rammelsberg, Kevin Richter and Stefan Rues
Materials 2025, 18(18), 4398; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18184398 - 20 Sep 2025
Viewed by 155
Abstract
The aim of this laboratory study was to evaluate the fitting accuracy of complete-arch implant-supported fixed dental prostheses (ISFDPs) and the occurrence of possible constraint forces after ISFDP fixation using the All-on-four treatment concept. A titanium model was fabricated with support posts for [...] Read more.
The aim of this laboratory study was to evaluate the fitting accuracy of complete-arch implant-supported fixed dental prostheses (ISFDPs) and the occurrence of possible constraint forces after ISFDP fixation using the All-on-four treatment concept. A titanium model was fabricated with support posts for implants in positions 15, 12, 22, and 25. The forces acting on these posts were assessed using strain gauge half bridges. Implants (BEGO Semados® SCX Implantat 4.1 mm × 10 mm, BEGO Implant Systems, Bremen, Germany) were fixated on top of the support posts. Based on conventional impressions and intraoral scans, two 12-unit monolithic ISFDPs made from cobalt–chromium alloy (CoCr) and zirconia (ZrO2) were fabricated, jointed with titanium adhesive abutments (PS TiB NH, BEGO), and successively attached to the model. Constraint forces caused by ISFDP fixation were measured for each implant without external force. After testing four ISFDPs with different materials and impression techniques, four new implants were fixated (n = 10 model situations). A standard linear mixed model was used to assess horizontal and vertical constraint forces. The horizontal constraint forces acting on the implants were oriented in the oral direction, indicating that the ISFDPs were too small. The highest constraint forces were measured on implant 22 in the horizontal and vertical directions. Within the limitations of the present laboratory study, the fitting accuracy of complete-arch CoCr and ZrO2 ISFDPs based on the All-on-four concept was sufficient for clinical use. Restorations made using conventional impressions had better fitting accuracy and reliability than those made using intraoral scans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Dental Materials Design and Application)
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11 pages, 1204 KB  
Article
Fracture Toughness, Work of Fracture and Hardness of 3D-Printed Denture Base Resins
by Sebastian Hetzler, Sebastian Rehm, Sven Räther, Stefan Rues, Andreas Zenthöfer, Peter Rammelsberg and Franz Sebastian Schwindling
Materials 2025, 18(18), 4338; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18184338 - 16 Sep 2025
Viewed by 384
Abstract
Objectives: To compare fracture toughness (FT), work of fracture (WOF) and Vickers hardness (HV) of four 3D-printed denture base resins—including two novel formulations—and one conventional cold-cured polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resin. Methods: 3D-printed specimens (Freeprint denture (FD)/denture impact (FDI), DETAX GmbH and V-Print dentbase/dentbase 2.0, [...] Read more.
Objectives: To compare fracture toughness (FT), work of fracture (WOF) and Vickers hardness (HV) of four 3D-printed denture base resins—including two novel formulations—and one conventional cold-cured polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resin. Methods: 3D-printed specimens (Freeprint denture (FD)/denture impact (FDI), DETAX GmbH and V-Print dentbase/dentbase 2.0, VOCO GmbH) were fabricated at 90° layer orientation (n = 40/group) and notched according to ISO 20795-1. FT and WOF were measured via single-edge notched bend testing after seven-day water storage at 37 °C. HV was determined on fractured shards using 3 N load. Data were analyzed with Welch-ANOVA/Dunnett-T3 or ANOVA/Tukey (α = 0.05). Results: The conventional PMMA showed the highest FT and WOF, followed by the novel formulations of the 3D-printed groups VD2 and FDI. Lowest FT and WOF values were measured for VD and FD. HV was highest for the conventional PMMA, followed by the primary formulations FD and VD. Lowest hardness was measured for the novel formulations FDI and VD2. Conclusions: The formulations of the novel 3D-printed materials (FDI and VD2) exhibited markedly greater FT and WOF than their respective predecessors, although this improvement was accompanied by a decrease in hardness. Nevertheless, none of the 3D-printed materials fulfilled the ISO standard criteria for enhanced FT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Dental Materials Design and Application)
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25 pages, 4204 KB  
Article
Electrochemical Evaluation of New Ti-Based High-Entropy Alloys in Artificial Saliva with Fluoride: Implications for Dental Implant Applications
by Hanine Slama, Qanita Tayyaba, Mariya Kadiri and Hendra Hermawan
Materials 2025, 18(13), 2973; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18132973 - 23 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 651
Abstract
Based on their high mechanical strength, Ti-based high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are of great potential as materials for high-performance reduced-diameter dental implants. Despite previous studies demonstrating their corrosion resistance in various simulated body fluids, their resistance in simulated buccal conditions has yet to be [...] Read more.
Based on their high mechanical strength, Ti-based high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are of great potential as materials for high-performance reduced-diameter dental implants. Despite previous studies demonstrating their corrosion resistance in various simulated body fluids, their resistance in simulated buccal conditions has yet to be confirmed. In this work, the corrosion behavior of two Ti-based HEAs, TiZrHfNb, and TiZrHfNbTa was evaluated in comparison to CP-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V in artificial saliva (AS) solution and in AS with fluoride ion content (ASF). A set of electrochemical tests (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic polarization, and Mott–Schottky) was employed and complemented with surface characterization analyses (scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy) to determine dissolution and passivation mechanisms of the alloys. In general, the HEAs exhibited a far superior corrosion resistance compared to CP-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloys in both solutions. In the AS solution, the TiZrHfNb exhibited the highest polarization resistance and pitting potential, indicating a high corrosion resistance due to the formation of a robust passive layer. Whilst in the ASF solution, the TiZrHfNbTa showed a greater corrosion resistance due to the synergistic effect of Nb and Ta oxides that enhanced passive film stability. This finding emphasizes the role of Ta in elevating the corrosion resistance of Ti-based HEAs in the presence of fluoride ions and confirms the importance of chemical composition optimization in the development of next-generation dental alloys. Based on its electrochemical corrosion behavior, TiZrHfNbTa HEAs are promising new materials for high-performance reduced-diameter dental implants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Dental Materials Design and Application)
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