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Characterization of Shape Memory Alloy Materials
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Characterization of Shape Memory Alloy Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Smart Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 4532

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Junsong Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Interests: martensitic transformation; shape memory alloys; multifunctional composites; 3D printing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are the generic class of shape memory materials, which have the ability to memorise their original shape when subjected to certain stimulus such as thermomechanical or magnetic variations. The basic physics involved in the SMAs is the thermoelastic martensitic transformation. In the last twenty years, SMA has drawn significant attention and interest in a great form of an extensive sort of commercial applications, due to their unique and superior properties. The development of novel characterization techniques and the design of new materials and structures are synergy. Material characterization based on novel analytical techniques open up new opportunities for innovative SMA material and structural design. This Special Issue focuses on advancements in the characterization of Shape Memory Alloy Materials. It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript (Full Papers, communications and reviews) for this Special Issue. Articles on both experimental and theoretical research are welcome. Conceptual studies will also be appreciated provided the outcome is supported by logical and scientifically solid arguments.

Prof. Dr. Junsong Zhang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • shape memory alloys
  • advanced material characterization techniques
  • alloying/microstructure design
  • functional properties, mechanical properties
  • martensitic transformation
  • shape memory effect
  • pseudoelasticity
  • applications

Published Papers (3 papers)

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24 pages, 13595 KiB  
Article
A Multifunctional Characterization Test Bench for Shape Memory Alloy Micro-Wires—Design, Implementation and Validation
by Dominik Scholtes, Marvin Schmidt, Philipp Linnebach, Stefan Seelecke and Paul Motzki
Materials 2023, 16(13), 4820; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16134820 - 4 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1336
Abstract
Most relevant to predicting the behavior of shape-memory-alloy (SMA)-based actuator-sensor applications activated by Joule heating are the electro-mechanical characteristics of the material under consideration. For a comprehensive characterization, a single setup that is able to provide all relevant data and information is desirable. [...] Read more.
Most relevant to predicting the behavior of shape-memory-alloy (SMA)-based actuator-sensor applications activated by Joule heating are the electro-mechanical characteristics of the material under consideration. For a comprehensive characterization, a single setup that is able to provide all relevant data and information is desirable. This work covers the design, implementation and validation of such a high-end test bench for the holistic characterization of SMA micro-wires. In addition, the setup provides the possibility of application simulation experiments. Key elements of the design are the clamping mechanism guided on air bearings, a linear direct drive, a high-resolution load cell, a high-precision constant current source and a stress-controlled in-line wire sample installation. All measurements take place inside an isolated, temperature-controlled chamber. With the presented setup, the electro-mechanical and thermal characteristics of SMA wire samples with diameters from 20 µm to 100 µm can be determined. Via hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) implementation, the outputs with different biasing mechanisms and additional end-stops can be simulated even at high ambient temperatures. The generated results facilitate the prediction of the exact characteristics of SMA-driven actuator-sensor systems in a variety of applications and lead to a better general understanding of the alloy’s properties. All functionalities and features of the setup are presented by discussing the results of exemplary experiments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization of Shape Memory Alloy Materials)
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15 pages, 4464 KiB  
Article
Thermal Programming of Commercially Available Orthodontic NiTi Archwires
by Andrea Wichelhaus, Amelie Mehnert, Thomas Stocker, Uwe Baumert, Matthias Mertmann, Hisham Sabbagh and Corinna L. Seidel
Materials 2023, 16(10), 3683; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16103683 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1436
Abstract
The shape of superelastic Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) archwires can be adjusted with thermal treatments using devices such as the Memory-MakerTM (Forestadent), which potentially affects their mechanical properties. The effect of such treatments on these mechanical properties was simulated by means of a laboratory [...] Read more.
The shape of superelastic Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) archwires can be adjusted with thermal treatments using devices such as the Memory-MakerTM (Forestadent), which potentially affects their mechanical properties. The effect of such treatments on these mechanical properties was simulated by means of a laboratory furnace. Fourteen commercially available NiTi wires (0.018″ × 0.025″) were selected from the manufacturers American Orthodontics, Dentaurum, Forestadent, GAC, Ormco, Rocky Mountain Orthodontics and 3M Unitek. Specimens were heat treated using different combinations of annealing duration (1/5/10 min) and annealing temperature (250–800 °C) and investigated using angle measurements and three-point bending tests. Complete shape adaptation was found at distinct annealing durations/temperatures for each wire ranging between ~650–750 °C (1 min), ~550–700 °C (5 min) and ~450–650 °C (10 min), followed by a loss of superelastic properties shortly afterwards at ~750 °C (1 min), ~600–650 °C (5 min) and ~550–600 °C (10 min). Wire-specific working ranges (complete shaping without loss of superelasticity) were defined and a numerical score (e.g., stable forces) was developed for the three-point bending test. Overall, the wires Titanol Superelastic (Forestadent), Tensic (Dentaurum), FLI CuNiTi27 (Rocky Mountain Orthodontics) and Nitinol Classic (3M Unitek) proved to be the most user-friendly. Thermal shape adjustment requires wire-specific working ranges to allow complete shape acceptance and high scores in bending test performance to ensure permanence of the superelastic behaviour. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization of Shape Memory Alloy Materials)
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13 pages, 3989 KiB  
Article
Thermomechanical Characterization and Modeling of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Coil Spring
by Jesús G. Puente-Córdova, Flor Y. Rentería-Baltiérrez, José M. Diabb-Zavala, Nasser Mohamed-Noriega, Mario A. Bello-Gómez and Juan F. Luna-Martínez
Materials 2023, 16(10), 3673; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16103673 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1412
Abstract
Today, shape memory alloys (SMAs) have important applications in several fields of science and engineering. This work reports the thermomechanical behavior of NiTi SMA coil springs. The thermomechanical characterization is approached starting from mechanical loading–unloading tests under different electric current intensities, from 0 [...] Read more.
Today, shape memory alloys (SMAs) have important applications in several fields of science and engineering. This work reports the thermomechanical behavior of NiTi SMA coil springs. The thermomechanical characterization is approached starting from mechanical loading–unloading tests under different electric current intensities, from 0 to 2.5 A. In addition, the material is studied using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), which is used to evaluate the complex elastic modulus E* = E′ − iE″, obtaining a viscoelastic response under isochronal conditions. This work further evaluates the damping capacity of NiTi SMA using tan δ, showing a maximum around 70 °C. These results are interpreted under the framework of fractional calculus, using the Fractional Zener Model (FZM). The fractional orders, between 0 and 1, reflect the atomic mobility of the NiTi SMA in the martensite (low-temperature) and austenite (high-temperature) phases. The present work compares the results obtained from using the FZM with a proposed phenomenological model, which requires few parameters for the description of the temperature-dependent storage modulus E′. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization of Shape Memory Alloy Materials)
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