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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymeric Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2025) | Viewed by 15056

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Dr. Fujuan Liu

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Guest Editor

College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
Interests: advanced textile materials; biomimetic design of textiles; fabrication of nanomaterials; functional textiles
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the progress of technology and people's continuous pursuit of life quality, advanced textile materials are paid more and more attention and their development opens more possibilities for the production and application of textiles. Functional textile materials have special functions achieved by adding some special chemical substances, such as waterproofing, anti fouling, antibacterial, etc., and are used in outdoor sports, as well as medical and health fields. Intelligent textile materials refer to the addition of intelligent components to textiles for use in fields such as smart homes and smart health. Environmentally friendly textile materials are composed of organic cotton, bamboo fibers, etc., which can effectively reduce environmental pollution. Therefore, this Special Issue focuses on the preparation and development, functional modification, performance characterization, and application exploration of advanced textile materials or textiles.

Dr. Fujuan Liu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

functional textile materials
nanomaterials
smart textile materials
functional clothing
biomaterials
environmentally friendly materials
composite materials/structures
biomimetic design

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Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 4922 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Formation Mechanism and Motion Characteristics of Multiple Jets in Spherical Section Free Surface Electrospinning

by Jing Yin and Lan Xu

Materials 2025, 18(4), 908; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18040908 - 19 Feb 2025

Viewed by 404

Abstract

In this study, during the efficient preparation of nanofibers using a spherical section free surface electrospinning (SSFSE) device with different sphere radii, the formation mechanism and motion characteristics of multiple jets were thoroughly investigated through the numerical simulation method. The mechanical model of multiple jets was established, and the key role of electric field intensity in the formation and motion of jets was defined; in addition, the relationship between the jet initial velocity and the electric field intensity distribution on the solution surface was established. On this basis, a magnetohydrodynamic model was introduced, and a turbulence model as well as a volume of fluid model were combined to numerically simulate the jet motion during the SSFSE process. The results showed that as the sphere radius increased, the maximum velocity of the jets gradually decreased. However, the area of multiple jets generated increased, and the interaction force between the jets increased, resulting in a more obvious outward expansion of the jet trajectory. Therefore, the optimal SSFSE device with a sphere radius of 75 mm was determined. Finally, the results of numerical simulation were verified by experiments using a polymeric solution with low conductivity. This study can play a guiding role in effectively increasing the number of jets per unit area of solution surface in actual production, thus achieving continuous, uniform, and efficient preparation of micro-/nanofibers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Properties and Applications of Advanced Textile Materials)

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14 pages, 2874 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Thermal Insulation Properties of Composites with ZrO₂/Al Coatings Intended for the Construction of Protective Gloves

by Pamela Miśkiewicz, Adam K. Puszkarz and Marcin Makówka

Materials 2025, 18(2), 242; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18020242 - 8 Jan 2025

Viewed by 1134

Abstract

The article presents research on the evaluation of the use of two four-layer textile composites with ZrO₂/Al coatings of different thicknesses (deposited by magnetron sputtering PVD) with potential use in thermally insulating protective gloves designed for steelworkers, welders, or miners. The structure of the composites was analyzed using high-resolution X-ray micro-CT. The assessment of the safety of the glove user was conducted using methods in which the composites were exposed to contact heat, radiant heat, and flame heat. The results showed that both four-layer textile composites equipped with ZrO₂/Al coatings provide effective protection against contact heat, radiant heat, and flame heat and can be successfully used in the construction of metallurgical protective gloves. Both composites achieved the first performance level (for contact heat method, for contact temperature 100 °C), the fourth performance level (for radiant heat), and the third performance level (for flame heat). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Properties and Applications of Advanced Textile Materials)

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14 pages, 1337 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Liquid Sweat Transport in Underwear Combined with Multilayer Fabric Assemblies for Firefighter Outfits

by Małgorzata Matusiak and Otgonsuren Sukhbat

Materials 2024, 17(23), 5920; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17235920 - 3 Dec 2024

Viewed by 785

Abstract

A firefighter’s outfit consists of several layers with distinct properties and functions. These layers serve as barriers against external hazards but also impede the transport of sweat generated by the human body. As a result, sweat vapor often fails to transfer effectively from the body through the firefighter’s protective clothing (FPC) to the environment. This can lead to sweat condensation on the firefighter’s skin, causing discomfort. To enhance the physiological comfort of firefighters during firefighting and other rescue operations, it is essential to consider the transport of condensed sweat within the multilayer textile system comprising both the underwear and the FPC. In this study, 16 assembly variants were tested, combining four types of knitted fabrics for underwear with four types of multilayer textile sets designed for FPC. The liquid moisture transport properties of these assemblies were evaluated using the Moisture Management Tester (MMT290), an innovative instrument manufactured by SDL Atlas. The results demonstrated that the knitted fabrics effectively transport liquid sweat, whereas in the case of multilayer textile sets for FPC, liquid sweat transport is primarily confined to the inner layer adjacent to the skin. Furthermore, the findings indicate that by selecting an appropriate combination of knitted fabric for underwear and the inner layer of the FPC, it is possible to optimize liquid moisture transport in a firefighter’s outfit. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Properties and Applications of Advanced Textile Materials)

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12 pages, 12703 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preparation and Properties of Polyimide/Polysulfonamide/Polyethylene Glycol (PI/PSA/PEG) Hydrophobic Nanofibrous Membranes

by Zijia Wang, Yawen Chang, Siyang Jia and Fujuan Liu

Materials 2024, 17(16), 4135; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164135 - 21 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1145

Abstract

In this study, polyimide (PI) and polysulfonamide (PSA) were used as base materials, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added to successfully prepare PI/PSA/PEG nanofiber membranes through electrospinning technology. Subsequently, water etching was performed on the membranes, utilizing the water solubility of PEG to form the rough wrinkled structure, further enhancing the surface hydrophobicity. The experimental results showed that under the conditions of a spinning voltage of 10 kV, PI/PSA mass fraction of 15 wt.%, and PEG-to-PI/PSA mass ratio of 1/3, the obtained fiber membranes exhibit a uniform morphology (an average diameter of 0.73 µm) and excellent hydrophobicity (the initial water contact angle (WCA) reaching 130.4°). After PEG water etching, the surface of the PI/PSA/PEG hydrophobic membranes formed the rough wrinkled structure, which not only improved their mechanical properties but also further enhanced their hydrophobicity (the initial WCA increasing to 137.9°). Hence, fiber membranes are expected to have broad application prospects in fields such as waterproofing and moisture permeability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Properties and Applications of Advanced Textile Materials)

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13 pages, 4113 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Regulation of the Degradation Properties of Tyrosinase-Catalyzed Crosslinking Silk Membranes for Superficial Wound Repair

by Yu Liu, Xuping Liu, Yuhong Jiao and Mingzhong Li

Materials 2024, 17(12), 2839; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17122839 - 11 Jun 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 917

Abstract

Appropriate biodegradability to meet the demands of wound repair is critical for superficial wound repair membrane applications. Tyrosinase-catalyzed crosslinking SF (c-SF) membranes were constructed and regulated the degradation behavior in this study. The crosslinking degree of the c-SF membranes could be adjusted by reaction ratios of tyrosinase against SF (TYR/SF). Upon reaching a TYR/SF ratio of 20/6000, the degree of crosslinking increased to 88.17 ± 0.20%, without obvious changes in the crystal structure. The degradation behavior was regulated by the TYR/SF ratio and the degradation environment. All c-SF membranes remained stable after immersion without collagenase but showed an adjustable degradation behavior in the presence of collagenase. As the TYR/SF ratio increased, the residual weights increased from 23.31 ± 1.35% to 60.12 ± 0.82% after 7 days of degradation, occurring with low increased amounts of β-sheet structure and free amino acids. This work provides a new c-SF membrane with controllable rapid degradability and favorable cytocompatibility, which can help to meet requirements for biodegradable superficial wound repair membranes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Properties and Applications of Advanced Textile Materials)

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14 pages, 10857 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancement of Filtration Performance Characteristic of Glass Fiber-Based Filter Media, Part 2: Chemical Modification with Surface-Active Treatment

by Laura Weiter, Stephan Leyer and John K. Duchowski

Materials 2024, 17(11), 2720; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17112720 - 3 Jun 2024

Viewed by 869

Abstract

Standard glass fiber filter media were chemically modified with suitably chosen surface-active agents. The aim of these modifications was to improve the three fundamental filtration performance characteristics, namely, to increase the separation efficiency, reduce the differential pressure (∆P) and increase the dirt holding capacity (DHC). The increase in separation efficiency was considered quantitatively in terms of changes in the work of adhesion between the contaminant and the modified media substrate derived from the contact angle measurements. The experimental confirmation of this behavior was demonstrated by an improved separation efficiency especially for particles in the smaller size ranges, well below the mean porosity of the original substrate. In addition, the effect of different surface modifications, especially those of the opposite ends of the surface energy values, has clearly manifested itself in the experimental results of separation efficiency derived from the multipass evaluations. Collectively, the obtained contact angle (surface energy) and separation efficiency results are strongly indicative of a wide range of filtration performance enhancements that can be achieved through suitably chosen surface-active modification of standard substrate materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Properties and Applications of Advanced Textile Materials)

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16 pages, 6450 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Enhancement of Filtration Performance Characteristics of Glass Fiber-Based Filter Media, Part 1: Mechanical Modification with Electrospun Nanofibers

by Laura Weiter, Stephan Leyer and John K. Duchowski

Materials 2024, 17(10), 2209; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17102209 - 8 May 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1457

Abstract

Various modifications of standard glass fiber filtration media using electrospun PA66 nanofibers are described. PA66 were selected because they were readily available from commercial sources. Other polymers, such as PP, PET and PBT, could also be used. The first set of samples was prepared by mixing the nanofibers at two, three and five weight percent with glass fibers, and the second by laying the same proportion of the nanofibers directly onto the downstream side of the substrate. The aim of these modifications was to improve the three most basic functionalities of filter media, the separation efficiency, the differential pressure (ΔP) and the dirt holding capacity (DHC). The modified media samples were evaluated with the standard textile characterization techniques and filtration performance evaluation procedures. The results showed differences in the several tens of percentage points achieved with the two modification methods. Moreover, additional differences in performance were observed depending on the percentage of nanofibers admixed to the substrate. These differences were most apparent in the filtration efficiency and the DHC, both by several percentage points, with no apparent effect on the ∆P. The results strongly suggest that the preparation of new filter media by incorporating nanofibers directly into the matrix can result in significant improvements in filtration performance characteristics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Properties and Applications of Advanced Textile Materials)

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12 pages, 4516 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Preparation of CS-LS/AgNPs Composites and Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes

by Jiabao Wu, Xinpeng Chen, Aijing Li, Tieling Xing and Guoqiang Chen

Materials 2024, 17(5), 1214; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051214 - 6 Mar 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1686

Abstract

Synthetic dyes are prone to water pollution during use, jeopardizing biodiversity and human health. This study aimed to investigate the adsorption and photocatalytic assist potential of sodium lignosulfonate (LS) in in situ reduced silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and chitosan (CS)-loaded silver nanoparticles (CS-LS/AgNPs) as adsorbents for Rhodamine B (RhB). The AgNPs were synthesized by doping LS on the surface of chitosan for modification. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to confirm the synthesis of nanomaterials. The adsorption and photocatalytic removal experiments of RhB were carried out under optimal conditions (initial dye concentration of 20 mg/L, adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g, time of 60 min, and UV power of 250 W), and the kinetics of dye degradation was also investigated, which showed that the removal rate of RhB by AgNPs photocatalysis can reach 55%. The results indicated that LS was highly effective as a reducing agent for the large-scale production of metal nanoparticles and can be used for dye decolorization. This work provides a new catalyst for the effective removal of dye from wastewater, and can achieve high-value applications of chitosan and lignin. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Properties and Applications of Advanced Textile Materials)

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Review

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23 pages, 3589 KiB

Open AccessReview

Regenerated Fiber’s Ideal Target: Comparable to Natural Fiber

by Guohongfang Tan, Tianshuo Jia, Zhenzhen Qi and Shenzhou Lu

Materials 2024, 17(8), 1834; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081834 - 16 Apr 2024

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1837

Abstract

The toughness of silk naturally obtained from spiders and silkworms exceeds that of all other natural and man-made fibers. These insects transform aqueous protein feedstocks into mechanically specialized materials, which represents an engineering phenomenon that has developed over millions of years of natural evolution. Silkworms have become a new research hotspot due to the difficulties in collecting spider silk and other challenges. According to continuous research on the natural spinning process of the silkworm, it is possible to divide the main aspects of bionic spinning into two main segments: the solvent and behavior. This work focuses on the various methods currently used for the spinning of artificial silk fibers to replicate natural silk fibers, providing new insights based on changes in the fiber properties and production processes over time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Properties and Applications of Advanced Textile Materials)

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21 pages, 8259 KiB

Open AccessReview

Up to Date Review of Nature-Inspired Superhydrophobic Textiles: Fabrication and Applications

by Haipei Ge, Yu Liu and Fujuan Liu

Materials 2023, 16(21), 7015; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16217015 - 2 Nov 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3847

Abstract

In recent years, with the rapid development of the economy and great progress in science and technology, people have become increasingly concerned about their quality of life and physical health. In order to pursue a higher life, various functional and biomimetic textiles have emerged one after another and have been sought after by people. There are many animal and plant surfaces with special wettability in nature, and their unique “micro-nano structures” and low surface energy have attracted extensive attention from researchers. Researchers have prepared various textiles with superhydrophobic features by mimicking these unique structures. This review introduces the typical organisms with superhydrophobicity in nature, using lotus, water strider, and cicada as examples, and describes their morphological features and excellent superhydrophobicity. The theoretical model, commonly used raw materials, and modification technology of superhydrophobic surfaces are analyzed. In addition, the application areas and the current study status of superhydrophobic surfaces for textiles are also summarized. Finally, the development prospects for superhydrophobic textiles based on bionic technology are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Properties and Applications of Advanced Textile Materials)

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