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Advances in Geometrical Product Specification and Verification in the Era...
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Advances in Geometrical Product Specification and Verification in the Era of Industry 4.0

A special issue of Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Manufacturing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 4667

Special Issue Editor

Dr. George Kaisarlis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mechanical Design & Control Systems Section, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece
Interests: product development; mechanical engineering design; geometrical tolerancing; product design and development; engineering drawing and standardiszation; mechanical processes; reverse engineering; coordinate metrology; computer-aided engineering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the highly demanding and fast-paced marketplace of today, the competitiveness and sustainability of industrial manufacturing companies are strongly connected with their digital transformation. In the era of Industry 4.0, widely adopted terms such as smart manufacturing and digital twin conceptualize the next-generation manufacturing framework.

From conception and development to product retirement, the 3D-CAD data file is currently at the heart of mechanical engineering design and of all downstream digital activities. Alongside with the nominal geometrical description, the 3D-CAD data file is becoming the central repository of critical Product Manufacturing Information (PMI) that safeguards interchangeability, functionality and impacts the manufacturing cost. PMI mainly concerns dimensional and geometrical tolerances, surface quality requirements and process relevant data. In the context of Industry 4.0, PMI should not only be expressed in an unambiguous way, but also in way that is universally comprehensive for both humans (designers, production engineers and metrologists) and machines (CAE tools), within a products’ life cycle. In this regard, the geometrical product specification and verification system, based on the evolution of numerous interlinked standards, is aiming to provide a powerful toolbox for the communication of the design intent and engineering requirements.

This Special Issue aims to collect a broad spectrum of original research and review studies that are addressing the strong industrial need for robust geometrical product specification and verification tools and methods. Submissions are particularly welcomed in the areas of dimensional and geometrical tolerancing, coordinate and production metrology, uncertainty management in geometrical product specification and verification and related subjects. The submission of papers on case studies and original solutions as part of industrial activities are also of particular interest for this Special Issue.

Dr. George Kaisarlis
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Machines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • geometric dimensioning and tolerancing
  • coordinate metrology
  • uncertainty analysis and estimation
  • anvanced tolerancing
  • model-based definition
  • geometrical product specification
  • standardization
  • digital twin
  • 3D sensing
  • industry 4.0

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 5273 KiB  
Article
Geometric Accuracy Design and Tolerance Allocation of Precision Horizontal Machining Centers
by Lina Wang, Xingxing Liu, Wenjie Tian and Dawei Zhang
Machines 2025, 13(3), 187; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13030187 - 26 Feb 2025
Viewed by 356
Abstract
As the structural complexity of machined components increases and the pace of product updates accelerates, the demands for machining precision in CNC machine tools are becoming increasingly rigorous. Consequently, the continuous enhancement of machining accuracy in machine tools presents a significant challenge that [...] Read more.
As the structural complexity of machined components increases and the pace of product updates accelerates, the demands for machining precision in CNC machine tools are becoming increasingly rigorous. Consequently, the continuous enhancement of machining accuracy in machine tools presents a significant challenge that must be addressed within the realms of machine tool innovation and the development of manufacturing equipment. This paper conducts a comprehensive investigation into the tolerance optimization allocation method for geometric accuracy in precision horizontal machining centers utilizing interval theory. Initially, a mapping model is developed to represent each source of geometric error and the overall spatial error, drawing upon multi-body system theory. Subsequently, the global maximum interval sensitivity of each geometric error source in relation to the overall spatial model is analyzed. Finally, an interval optimization model for geometric accuracy is formulated based on interval optimization theory, employing a genetic algorithm to address the accuracy allocation problem associated with various error sources in machine tools. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Geometrical Product Specification and Verification in the Era of Industry 4.0)
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18 pages, 7615 KiB  
Article
Realization of Wireless-Controlled Gear Shifter for Shaft-Driven Bicycle Gearbox
by Hsiung-Cheng Lin and Elangovan Chelliah
Machines 2025, 13(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13010003 - 24 Dec 2024
Viewed by 838
Abstract
Cycling is now a very popular sport and leisure activity or commuting tool around the world, with its popularity growing especially during the epidemic. The traditional bicycle depends on a chain driving mechanism to move forward (This paper is an extended version of [...] Read more.
Cycling is now a very popular sport and leisure activity or commuting tool around the world, with its popularity growing especially during the epidemic. The traditional bicycle depends on a chain driving mechanism to move forward (This paper is an extended version of our paper published in The 16th Intelligent Living Technology Conference, Taichung, Taiwan, 2 June 2022). However, its transmission chain is easily dirtied and loosened so that regular maintenance is highly demanded to sustain normal function. To achieve the idea of maintenance-free, self-calibrating, and efficient mechanism operation, a wireless-controlled gear shifter for shaft driven bicycles is proposed, not only to overcome the limitations of the traditional chain driving mechanism, but also to make riding control more convenient. Firstly, an actuated gear shifter module coordinated with the gear positioning system was designed. Secondly, a remote controller module with information organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and shift operation buttons was developed. Both modules use independent batteries and a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) interface to communicate with each other for wireless shifting control. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed system in terms of accuracy, rapidness, and robustness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Geometrical Product Specification and Verification in the Era of Industry 4.0)
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19 pages, 2744 KiB  
Article
Tolerance Specifications Management Integrated into the Product Development Cycle
by Mattia Maltauro, Roberto Meneghello and Gianmaria Concheri
Machines 2024, 12(2), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12020147 - 19 Feb 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2535
Abstract
In tolerancing activities focusing on the allocation of geometrical tolerances, many critical issues originate from the non-optimal assignment of responsibilities among the organization units involved. This paper aims to depict relations between different tolerancing activities and relevant specifications, assigning them to the proper [...] Read more.
In tolerancing activities focusing on the allocation of geometrical tolerances, many critical issues originate from the non-optimal assignment of responsibilities among the organization units involved. This paper aims to depict relations between different tolerancing activities and relevant specifications, assigning them to the proper actor and, therefore, expanding the ISO 8015:2011 “responsibility principle”. A classification among tolerancing activities, specifications, and media is proposed; a horizontal hierarchical framework among functional, manufacturing, and verification specifications and a vertical hierarchical framework along the supply chain are discussed. Examples of both hierarchical structures are presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Geometrical Product Specification and Verification in the Era of Industry 4.0)
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