Lubricant Additives and Ash: Do We Know Enough?
A special issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2024) | Viewed by 4424
Special Issue Editors
2. Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
3. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Interests: catalysis; lubricants and additives; ash; emissions control systems; X-ray analytical techniques; focused ion beam milling; ceramics; CFD; kinetic modeling
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
Friction, the resistance to motion, is ubiquitously present at the interface of surfaces in contact and is often a destructive force that causes significant wear and hardware durability issues. Understanding friction and its mitigation requires significant effort from industry and academia across many disciplines. It is estimated that roughly 10-30% of energy produced in internal combustion engines (dependent on many factors) is required to overcome friction and can be alleviated by low-viscosity lubricants and additive designs, combustion and engine designs, and materials and surface engineering strategies. Lubricant additives provide many vital functions to current lubricants, including (but not limited to) viscosity modifiers, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, anti-wear, detergents, dispersants, oxidation inhibitors/antioxidants, antifoam, corrosion inhibitors, extreme-pressure additives, and demulsifiers/emulsifiers. Additives aid by enhancing desirable or suppressing undesirable base oil properties or by adding new properties, and they are consumed via decomposition, adsorption, and separation. Novel additive chemistries (low-ash/ashless additives, ionic liquids, etc.), additive mixture packages, and supplemental additives continue to be developed to achieve further reductions in friction for specific automotive applications, advanced combustion strategies, lower-viscosity lubricants, etc.
Some additives (especially those which contain inorganic species) form incombustible ash which can be harmful to catalysts in emissions control systems and may degrade particle filters by causing clogs, chemical interactions, and various other mechanisms. The most common forms of ash are inorganic compounds (such as CaSO4, MgSO4, Zn3(PO4)2, etc.) which are derived from detergents and anti-wear additives, with particle sizes ranging from tens of nm to hundreds of µm, and they can become hydrated in some environments. Ash formation is influenced by many factors, including the specific lubricant additive package, oil consumption mechanisms, the engine application type (i.e., diesel, HCCI, GDI, etc.), exhaust properties (i.e., temperature, soot, humidity, etc.), particle filter operation strategies, and many others. Ash formation may reduce vehicle fuel economy and result in various after-treatment issues which require filters/catalysts to be cleaned or replaced.
This Special Issue aims to add knowledge to the rhetorical question of ‘do we know enough?’ in the areas of automotive lubricant additives and ash. The Guest Editors seek original research papers and review articles relevant to emerging solutions and advancements in the understanding of automotive lubricant additives and lubricant-derived ash.
Dr. Carl Justin Kamp
Dr. Sujay Dilip Bagi
Guest Editors
Manuscript Submission Information
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Keywords
- wear
- lubricant
- ash
- anti-wear additive
- detergents
- over-based additives
- ionic liquid lubricants
- low-ash
- ashless
- catalyst poisoning
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