Dive into Myopia

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 19 June 2026 | Viewed by 1539

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
Interests: myopia; refraction; anisometropia; cataract; refractive surgery; zebrafish

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Myopia is a common condition in Asia, and its prevalence is rising, especially axial myopia, which affects most people and can lead to retinal pathology, known as pathological myopia. This condition may result in permanent vision loss. Therefore, controlling axial myopia starting from childhood is crucial. Pharmacological treatments like atropine show promise, though much remains to be discovered about their mechanisms. In recent years, many new optical devices have proven effective in slowing axial myopia progression in children. Adult refractive errors can be corrected by spectacles, contact lenses, and refractive surgery, which have also been greatly improved in recent times. Therefore, we invite all interested authors to submit manuscripts about medical, optical, and surgical methods to control myopia or correct refractive errors.

This Special Issue highlights recent advances and trends in refraction research. This will contribute to a deeper understanding of axial myopia mechanisms and enhance its control, preventing vision loss from myopia-related complications in adulthood. It also contains correction methods for refractive errors in adults, capable of improving life quality.

Dr. Chun-Fu Liu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • myopia
  • hyperopia
  • myopia control
  • axial length
  • axial length retardation
  • axial length elongation
  • myopia complications
  • refraction measurement
  • atropine
  • rebound effect
  • orthokeratology
  • missight
  • defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMSs)
  • highly aspherical lenslets (HALs)
  • red light
  • repeated low-level red light (RLRL) therapy
  • enhance myopia control
  • customized myopia control
  • peripheral refraction
  • peripheral myopia
  • refractive surgery
  • PRK
  • LASIK
  • smile
  • contact lens
  • spectacles

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 7787 KB  
Article
Microbial and Chemical Stability of Unpreserved Atropine Sulfate 0.01% w/w Eye Drops—A Pilot Study on the Impact of Dispenser Type and Storage Temperature over 12 Weeks of Daily Use After Compounding
by Victoria Klang, Stefan Brenner, Johanna Grabner, Philip Unzeitig, My Vanessa Nguyen Hoang, Maria Lummerstorfer, Roman Pichler, Katja Steiner and Richard D. Harvey
Life 2025, 15(11), 1646; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15111646 - 22 Oct 2025
Viewed by 189
Abstract
Progressive myopia in children is a highly prevalent condition in societies worldwide and is often treated with compounded low-dose atropine sulfate (AS) eye drops without preserving agents to avoid irritation/sensitisation. Surprisingly, there is a lack of data regarding the in-use stability of contamination-free [...] Read more.
Progressive myopia in children is a highly prevalent condition in societies worldwide and is often treated with compounded low-dose atropine sulfate (AS) eye drops without preserving agents to avoid irritation/sensitisation. Surprisingly, there is a lack of data regarding the in-use stability of contamination-free LDPE dispenser units (CFDs) for this compounded multidose product, which causes uncertainty among prescribers and patients in Europe. Thus, our aim was to compare the effect of different dispenser types on the chemical and microbial stability of unpreserved AS eye drops (0.01% w/w). A dripping simulation was performed to obtain information on microbial stability over 4 weeks through plating and separately over 12 weeks through direct inoculation, HPLC and pH analysis. For CFDs, no contamination was found after 4, 8 or 12 weeks of use when stored at 23 or 4 °C as opposed to the control. AS content remained within 0.01 ± 0.0002% w/w after 12 weeks, with higher chemical stability at 4 °C despite decreasing pH. A stress test confirmed the validity of the CFD system. In conclusion, using CFDs and refrigerated storage was found to be safe for compounded unpreserved AS eye drops over 12 weeks of use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dive into Myopia)
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14 pages, 2091 KB  
Article
Blue-Light Stimulation for Myopia Prevention: Only Retinal but Not Optic Disc Stimulation Modulates the Pattern ERG
by Isabella Silke Elisabeth Mehler, Sven Pascal Heinrich, Daniel Böhringer, Valentin Simon, Tim Bleul, Sebastian Küchlin, Wolf Alexander Lagrèze and Navid Farassat
Life 2025, 15(9), 1384; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15091384 - 1 Sep 2025
Viewed by 961
Abstract
Blue-light stimulation of the optic disc has been suggested as a means of myopia prevention by activating dopaminergic amacrine cells via intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. This prospective, adequately powered study investigated this approach by examining its effects on pattern electroretinogram (PERG) N95 [...] Read more.
Blue-light stimulation of the optic disc has been suggested as a means of myopia prevention by activating dopaminergic amacrine cells via intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. This prospective, adequately powered study investigated this approach by examining its effects on pattern electroretinogram (PERG) N95 amplitude and choroidal thickness (ChT), established biomarkers associated with retinal ganglion cell function and myopia progression, respectively. Forty-six healthy adults received one minute of 450 nm blue-light stimulation to either the optic disc or central retina of the right eye, with the fellow left eye serving as control. PERG responses were measured before and 20 min after stimulation (N = 15 per stimulation location), while ChT, using swept-source optical coherence tomography images, was measured before, 20, and 60 min after stimulation (N = 8 per stimulation location). Only retinal stimulation significantly increased PERG N95 amplitude (baseline 16.16 µV, post-stimulation 17.61 µV [p = 0.01]), whereas optic disc stimulation did not (baseline 18.71 µV, post-stimulation 18.81 µV [p = 0.76]). Neither optic disc nor retinal stimulation significantly changed ChT at any time point. No significant differences were observed between myopic and non-myopic participants. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that short-duration blue-light stimulation of the optic disc is a viable strategy to activate retinal dopaminergic pathways for myopia prevention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dive into Myopia)
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