Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Cancer

Dear Colleagues,

Nuclear medicine and thyroid cancer have a close relationship. Indeed, the existence of nuclear medicine as a medical specialty started with the treatment of thyroid disease with Iodine-131 back in the 1940s, which can be considered as the first example of theragnostics.

One would expect that after so many years of experience, all the questions regarding the diagnosis and therapy of thyroid cancer would have been answered. However, this is not the case. There is still a lot of controversy regarding the screening, diagnosis, and therapy of Thyroid disease, especially thyroid cancer, which we will focus on in this Special Issue.

When a thyroid nodule is discovered and presented to the clinician, the direction to be followed that will lead to the diagnosis of the disease is not straightforward. 

The fine needle aspiration (FNA) might be considered the best method to evaluate the nodules. In indeterminate cases, methods such as Sestamibi scintigraphy could help. Factors that influence nodules should be investigated, and it seems that obesity plays an important role.

Thyroid cancer may be classified as papillary and follicular (or differentiated), poorly differentiated, anaplastic, and medullary. Treatment varies depending on the type of cancer, but for most of the cases, surgery is the first treatment for thyroid cancers. For differentiated thyroid cancer, which is the most common type of thyroid cancer, radioiodine therapy traditionally follows surgery based on established but sometimes not so clear guidelines. Other therapeutic options include hormone therapy, external beam radiation, targeted therapy, and chemotherapy. 

Due to the complex nature of thyroid cancer, the continuous development of techniques and technology special expertise is required in clinical practice. Therefore, this Special Issue aims to gather recent studies investigating the screening, diagnosis, and therapy of thyroid cancer. Any original research or narrative and systematic reviews covering the abovementioned topic will be considered.

Dr. Savvas Frangos
Prof. Dr. Ioannis Iakovou
Guest Editors

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• thyroid cancer
• Iodine-131 therapy
• radiation protection
• dosimetry
• external beam radiation
• MEN2 genetics
• surgical management of thyroid
• thyroid nodule management
• Sestamibi scintigraphy