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Life
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State-of-Art in the Environmental Sciences and Human Ecology
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State-of-Art in the Environmental Sciences and Human Ecology

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Diversity and Ecology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2022) | Viewed by 6885

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Anton V. Korsakov

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Guest Editor
Department of Disaster Medicine, Pirogov Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
Interests: environmental pollution; environmental assessment; environmental health; chernobyl accident; radioactive contamination; chemical pollution; combined contamination.
Prof. Dr. Maxim V. Larionov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Scientific Center "Agricultural Technologies of the Future", Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russian State Agrarian University, 127434 Moscow, Russia
Interests: ecology and biology of plants; soil science; environmental and geochemical monitoring; biological indication of the environment; determination of technogenic loads; biological rehabilitation of soils and landscapes; ecological safety of settlements; ecological frameworks of agricultural and urban areas; physical geography; landscape studies; geourbanistics; environmental management.
Prof. Dr. Elena A. Dergacheva

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Guest Editor
Department of Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bryansk State Technical University, Bryansk 241035, Russia
Interests: social philosophy; social ecology; global research; theory of socio-technogenic development of the world and changes in the evolution of life on planet Earth; integrative sociotechnonatural patterns of world development; postbiospheric biotechnological development of life in the urban technosphere; global technogenic transformation of man; biotechnological economy; strategy of socio-biospheric development of the world
Prof. Dr. Alexey V. Lysenko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Earth Sciences, North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol 355017, Russia
Interests: environmental and geochemical monitoring; physical geography; landscape studies; territorial planning; study of cultural landscapes; the environment in anthropology; geourbanistics; environmental management; protection of nature
Prof. Dr. Vsevolod Pinelis

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Guest Editor
National Medical Research Center for Children's Health, Ministry of Health, Lomonosov prospect 2, bld1, Moscow 199991, Russia
Interests: brain; neurones; astrocytes; ATP; ionic homeostasis; mitochondria; mitochondrial potential; bio markers of glutamate toxicity; stroke; epilepsia; BA; PD; Traumatic brain injury

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Life is devoted to current problems in environmental sciences and human ecology. We are planning to consider a wide range of issues that cover multidisciplinary research related to the study of environmental sciences (physics, biology, and geography, including ecology, chemistry, plant science, zoology, mineralogy, oceanography, limnology, soil science, geology and physical geography, and atmospheric science) and human ecology.

Close collaboration between Guest Editors encouraged the idea for this multidisciplinary Special Issue, and we have faith that our successful cooperation will provide a platform for similar successes for other future teams.

This Special Issue offers a broad array of topics in order to provide as wide as possible an overview of current studies in the fields of environmental sciences and human ecology.

We are honored to invite colleagues to contribute to this important Special Issue, which will be of great interest for scientists in many different fields.

Prof. Dr. Anton V. Korsakov
Prof. Dr. Maxim V. Larionov
Prof. Dr. Elena A. Dergacheva
Prof. Dr. Alexey V. Lysenko
Prof. Dr. Vsevolod Pinelis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • life sciences
  • agricultural and biological sciences
  • biochemistry
  • genetics
  • molecular biology
  • earth
  • space and planetary sciences
  • paleontology
  • environmental pollution
  • environmental risk assessment
  • environmental health
  • environmentally related diseases
  • environmental monitoring
  • environmental safety of settlements
  • biological rehabilitation of soils and landscapes

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1534 KiB  
Article
Biodiversity of Phototrophs and Culturable Fungi in Gobustan Caves
by Svetlana Evgenievna Mazina, Tatiana Vladimirovna Gasanova, Ekaterina Vitalievna Kozlova, Anna Vladimirovna Popkova, Anton Sergeevich Fedorov, Irina Leonidovna Bukharina, Anna Sergeevna Pashkova, Maxim Viktorovich Larionov, Rahman Rahim oglu Abdullayev and Vugar Urfat oglu Isaev
Life 2023, 13(1), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13010164 - 5 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1408
Abstract
Unique natural objects, such as the caves of the Gobustan National Historical and Artistic Preserve, are also of great cultural and historical value due to rock art and sites of ancient people. A favorable microclimate makes these habitats convenient for colonization by microbiota, [...] Read more.
Unique natural objects, such as the caves of the Gobustan National Historical and Artistic Preserve, are also of great cultural and historical value due to rock art and sites of ancient people. A favorable microclimate makes these habitats convenient for colonization by microbiota, including phototrophs. In arid regions with intense seasonal fluctuations of microclimatic parameters, the conditions for survival are the least favorable; therefore, it becomes especially important to determine the composition of communities that are the most adapted to specific conditions. This work aimed to identify the biodiversity of communities of caves and grottoes of the Gobustan Reserve. The studies were carried out in July 2019. Samples were analyzed for cyanobacteria and algae by microscopy and cultivation methods, microfungi were isolated by soil dilution, and the fouling glass method was also used. In total, 29 taxa of cyanobacteria and algae, 18 taxa of fungi, and 3 species of mosses were identified. The studied habitats were dominated by the algae Chlorella vulgaris, Aphanocapsa sp., and Stichococcus bacillaris; the subdominants were Jaaginema subtilissimum, Leptolyngbya tenuis, Chlorococcum minutum, and Humidophila contenta. Microfungi had the highest occurrence of Aspergillus niger, Aureobasidium pullulans, Alternaria alternata, and Talaromyces ruber. It was noted that cyanobacteria dominated in morphologically differentiated biofilms and green algae on the rocks. The greatest number of microfungi was found in the aphotic zone and bryophyte tufts. The dominance of green algae is atypical for most caves of other regions and may be associated with intense lighting of habitats. The absence of protonema is a consequence of the aridity and low moisture content of the substrates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-Art in the Environmental Sciences and Human Ecology)
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17 pages, 1126 KiB  
Article
Features of the Territorial Distribution, Composition and Structure of Phytocenoses with the Participation of Fraxinus excelsior, Their Resource Qualities, Ecological and Economic Importance (Southeastern Part of the East European Plain)
by Maxim Viktorovich Larionov, Alexey Anatolievich Volodkin, Olga Alexandrovna Volodkina, Evgeny Valentinovich Lebedev, Olga Evgenievna Khanbabayeva, Svetlana Vitalievna Tazina, Elena Anatolyevna Kozlova, Elena Evgenievna Orlova, Inna Nikolaevna Zubik, Varvara Dmitrievna Bogdanova, Mikhail Vladimirovich Vorobyev, Alena Pavlovna Demidova, Liliya Rafisovna Akhmetova, Yulia Igorevna Kondratenko, Ivan Ivanovich Goloktionov, Ekaterina Vladislavovna Soboleva and Karina Mikirtichevna Gordyushkina
Life 2023, 13(1), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13010093 - 28 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1806
Abstract
At present, the distribution area of Fraxinus excelsior L. in the forest ecosystems of the Volga Region is rather low and ranges from 0.01% to 2.5%. In the Middle Volga Region, using the example of the Penza region, five types of deciduous forests [...] Read more.
At present, the distribution area of Fraxinus excelsior L. in the forest ecosystems of the Volga Region is rather low and ranges from 0.01% to 2.5%. In the Middle Volga Region, using the example of the Penza region, five types of deciduous forests were identified in the composition with Fraxinus excelsior L.: oak forest aegopodium, oak forest nettle, oak forest hazel-linden, oak forest aegopodium-motley grass, oak forest carex-motley grass. In the forest phytocenoses of the Moksha River basin, the quality of Fraxinus excelsior L. is 1.5–1.7. In the forest phytocenoses of the Khoper River basin, the average quality value reaches 2.4–2.8, and in the forest tracts of the Sura river basin it is 2.8–3.2. In the western part of the study area, individuals of age class II–III (21–40, 41–60 years) predominate, in the central part—age class I (1–20 years), in the eastern part—age class V (81–100 years). This circumstance allows us to conclude that its populations in the western regions are represented by stands of different ages; the presence of young stands and middle-aged stands indicates the presence of conditions for reproduction and distribution. At the border of its range, Fraxinus excelsior L. grows in a stable population; in the western part of the Middle Volga Region, the number of species in forest stands with a predominance of Fraxinus excelsior L. is 26–30% higher than this indicator in more eastern regions. In the direction from east to west, the number of species in the composition of forest stands increases (up to 8.4), with a predominance of Fraxinus excelsior L. The number of plant associations increases in the direction from east to west. If in the east of the Penza region Fraxinus excelsior L. occurs in 6–7 plant associations, then in the west of the region—in 18–25 associations. The maximum timber stock for 100 years of Fraxinus excelsior L. stands reaches 380 m3/ha. Such a natural bioresource potential is of importance for the conduct of the national economy. Forest management in phytocenoses with the participation of this tree species is a strategic branch direction. It is expedient to restore populations of Fraxinus excelsior L. everywhere and to cultivate them in the territory of the East European Plain and especially in its south-eastern part. This is fully consistent with the principles of sustainable ecological and economic development against the background of local natural, climatic and geographical conditions. This type is necessary when solving environmental, resource-saving and economic problems in the territory under consideration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-Art in the Environmental Sciences and Human Ecology)
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16 pages, 592 KiB  
Article
Biodigestion System Made of Polyethylene and Polystyrene Insulator for Dog Farm (on the Example of the Republic of Chile)
by Cristian Vivallos Soto, Francisco Ruiz Bertín, Carolina Robles Calderón, Maxim Viktorovich Larionov, Priscila Jackeline Arias Ordóñez and Ivette Cevallos Baque
Life 2022, 12(12), 2039; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12122039 - 6 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1569
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is a system that can have a high environmental impact through the use of different wastes to obtain biogas and its consequent use for the generation of renewable energy. The objective of this study was to implement a polyethylene biodigester, using [...] Read more.
Anaerobic digestion is a system that can have a high environmental impact through the use of different wastes to obtain biogas and its consequent use for the generation of renewable energy. The objective of this study was to implement a polyethylene biodigester, using polystyrene for thermal insulation in a dog kennel, using canine feces collected in the same place during a period of 5 months to obtain biogas and energy. The results indicated that biogas production started on day 30 and stopped during the winter period with low temperatures; therefore, from day 54 onwards, equine manure was added to continue producing biogas. Although biogas was obtained, the biodigester did not function optimally, due to the fact that the materials used in its construction did not provide efficient insulation from the low external temperatures; the low C/N ratio of the canine feces, which led to a reduction in the processing of the methanogenic bacteria; and the low amount of feces collected for use. In general, the use of a biodigester can provide a tool for the biological processing and management of organic waste, yielding a cumulative source of renewable energy and ensuring environmental safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-Art in the Environmental Sciences and Human Ecology)
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13 pages, 3574 KiB  
Article
Specificity of Individual Response Radial Increment of Scots Pine in the Voronezh Biosphere Reserve on the Differentiated Forest Conditions
by Sergey Matveev, Daria Litovchenko, Alexander Gusev and Yuriy Golovin
Life 2022, 12(11), 1863; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12111863 - 12 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1107
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to assess the individual variability of the response to climatic conditions of the radial increment of Pinus sylvestris L. trees aged 100–140 years. The studied pine stand grows in the conditions of a site with a heterogeneous [...] Read more.
The purpose of our study was to assess the individual variability of the response to climatic conditions of the radial increment of Pinus sylvestris L. trees aged 100–140 years. The studied pine stand grows in the conditions of a site with a heterogeneous microrelief in the Voronezh Reserve. The calculated coefficients of synchronicity and correlation of radial increment of a sample of individual Scots pine trees (wood cores). It has been established that in the radial increment of pine trees in the Voronezh Reserve, there is a significant diversity in the reflection of the climatic signal, which, as a rule, manifests itself in certain years that are not extreme in terms of climatic conditions. The reasons for the differentiated reaction of trees to climate are the differentiated conditions of the microrelief, and also, probably, the genetic diversity of forest stands. In natural stands there are individual trees showing very low values of synchronicity coefficients (GLK, %) or correlation coefficients (CC, %) with stand average values. Intrapopulation differences in the response of pine forest stands to fluctuations in climatic factors are one of the forms of protective mechanisms for the survival of a species that have developed as a result of evolutionary development. As our study showed, intrapopulation differences are large in stands of natural origin and not subject to anthropogenic impacts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-Art in the Environmental Sciences and Human Ecology)
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